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Gated entry into the ciliary compartment

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Abstract

Cilia and flagella play important roles in cell motility and cell signaling. These functions require that the cilium establishes and maintains a unique lipid and protein composition. Recent work indicates that a specialized region at the base of the cilium, the transition zone, serves as both a barrier to entry and a gate for passage of select components. For at least some cytosolic proteins, the barrier and gate functions are provided by a ciliary pore complex (CPC) that shares molecular and mechanistic properties with nuclear gating. Specifically, nucleoporins of the CPC limit the diffusional entry of cytosolic proteins in a size-dependent manner and enable the active transport of large molecules and complexes via targeting signals, importins, and the small G protein Ran. For membrane proteins, the septin protein SEPT2 is part of the barrier to entry whereas the gating function is carried out and/or regulated by proteins associated with ciliary diseases (ciliopathies) such as nephronophthisis, Meckel–Gruber syndrome and Joubert syndrome. Here, we discuss the evidence behind these models of ciliary gating as well as the similarities to and differences from nuclear gating.

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Acknowledgments

We thank members of the Verhey lab for helpful discussions. DT is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Work in KJV’s lab is supported by NIH RO1GM070862.

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  1. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Daisuke Takao & Kristen J. Verhey

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Correspondence to Kristen J. Verhey.

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Takao, D., Verhey, K.J. Gated entry into the ciliary compartment. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 73, 119–127 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2058-0

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