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Comparative analysis of zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4 and 16: molecular and evolutionary perspectives

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Abstract

BMP2, BMP4 and BMP16 form a subfamily of bone morphogenetic proteins acting as pleiotropic growth factors during development and as bone inducers during osteogenesis. BMP16 is the most recent member of this subfamily and basic data regarding protein structure and function, and spatio-temporal gene expression is still scarce. In this work, insights on BMP16 were provided through the comparative analysis of structural and functional data for zebrafish BMP2a, BMP2b, BMP4 and BMP16 genes and proteins, determined from three-dimensional models, patterns of gene expression during development and in adult tissues, regulation by retinoic acid and capacity to activate BMP-signaling pathway. Structures of Bmp2a, Bmp2b, Bmp4 and Bmp16 were found to be remarkably similar; with residues involved in receptor binding being highly conserved. All proteins could activate the BMP-signaling pathway, suggesting that they share a common function. On the contrary, stage- and tissue-specific expression of bmp2, bmp4 and bmp16 suggested the genes might be differentially regulated (e.g. different transcription factors, enhancers and/or regulatory modules) but also that they are involved in distinct physiological processes, although with the same function. Retinoic acid, a morphogen known to interact with BMP-signaling during bone formation, was shown to down-regulate the expression of bmp2, bmp4 and bmp16, although to different extents. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses indicated that bmp16 diverged before bmp2 and bmp4, is not restricted to teleost fish lineage as previously reported, and that it probably arose from a whole genomic duplication event that occurred early in vertebrate evolution and disappeared in various tetrapod lineages through independent events.

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Abbreviations

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

RA:

Retinoic acid

WGD:

Whole genome duplication

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Peter ten Dijke (Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands) who kindly provided the BMP-responsive luciferase reporter vector (BRE-Luc). This work was co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE Program and by National Fund through the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) under PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011 project. It was also partially financed by the European Community (EC) through ASSEMBLE (FP7/227799) research project. CM and JR were supported by doctoral grants (SFRH/BD/39964/2007 and SFRH/BD/47433/2008, respectively) from the FCT. IF was supported by a post-doctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/82049/2011) from the FCT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Cátia L. Marques, Ignacio Fernández, Michael N. Viegas, Cymon J. Cox, Joana Rosa, M. Leonor Cancela & Vincent Laizé

  2. PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Cátia L. Marques & Joana Rosa

  3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Cátia L. Marques, Joana Rosa, M. Leonor Cancela & Vincent Laizé

  4. Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME/IBB-LA), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal

    Paulo Martel

Authors
  1. Cátia L. Marques
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  2. Ignacio Fernández
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  3. Michael N. Viegas
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  4. Cymon J. Cox
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  5. Paulo Martel
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  6. Joana Rosa
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  7. M. Leonor Cancela
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  8. Vincent Laizé
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vincent Laizé.

Additional information

Names/acronyms of genes/proteins of species with different nomenclature conventions are used throughout this study. To reduce heterogeneity no convention will be used and acronyms will be uppercased. However, convention will be maintained for zebrafish which is the main species studied here.

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Marques, C.L., Fernández, I., Viegas, M.N. et al. Comparative analysis of zebrafish bone morphogenetic proteins 2, 4 and 16: molecular and evolutionary perspectives. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 73, 841–857 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2024-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2024-x

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