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Circadian clocks and energy metabolism

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Abstract

Circadian clocks orchestrate behavioral and physiological processes in a time-of-day dependent manner. The network of clock-controlled genes is intimately interconnected with metabolic regulatory circuits. Circadian clocks rhythmically regulate the expression and activity of key metabolic players, which in turn feed back on the circadian machinery on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Mutations of clock genes are often associated with metabolic defects, especially in lipid and glucose metabolism. Accumulating data suggest that the reciprocal coordination of circadian and metabolic pathways is crucial for cellular homeostasis and the health of the organism.

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  1. University of Heidelberg Biochemistry Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Gencer Sancar & Michael Brunner

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  1. Gencer Sancar
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Correspondence to Gencer Sancar.

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Box 1

Metabolic events and the circadian clock work in synchrony. Consecutive events in the “active phase” and “inactive phase” are both drivers and outputs of the circadian clock and of metabolism. The active phase is associated mainly with locomotion, feeding and catabolic reactions, whereas the inactive phase is associated with sleep, fasting and anabolic reactions. At night, circadian clocks set the metabolism to a state where energy expenditure is expected to be low for diurnal animals including humans. Challenges, such as eating or exercise at nighttime, are not anticipated by the circadian clock. Hence, the unprepared metabolism has to respond instantly to such perturbations, which desynchronizes metabolism and the circadian clock.

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Sancar, G., Brunner, M. Circadian clocks and energy metabolism. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 71, 2667–2680 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1574-7

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