Abstract
This study addressed the question: Can novel social behavior arise even though the organism has had no explicit training in that particular social pattern? Seven pigeons were trained individually to peck keys for brief access to food. Four of these birds were also trained to peck two “switching keys” which, at first, raised or lowered the requirements on their own food keys. Later, these switching keys no longer affected an animal’s own requirements, but raised or lowered the requirements imposed on a second pigeon working concurrently for food in an adjacent chamber. The second animal was trained only on the food key. In each such pair, the pigeon trained on the switching keys reliably pecked whichever one raised its partner’s schedule-requirements. This novel pattern of behavior did not directly benefit the first bird, arose spontaneously as a recombination of previously established nonsocial repertoires, and seemed to be maintained entirely by its effects on the animal in the adjacent chamber.
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The first author conducted these experiments in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. in Biopsychology at The University of Chicago. The work was supported in part by the RIBA Fund of the Behavior Analysis Research Laboratory (Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago), and by U.S.P.H.S. Physiological Psychology Training Grant #5T32MH14256. Special thanks to Joanne Robbins and Phil Chase for their invaluable editorial help. This article is fondly dedicated to the memory of Prof. Israel Goldiamond, whose guiding hand was present throughout the work described.
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Andronis, P.T., Layng, T.V.J. & Goldiamond, I. Contingency Adduction of “Symbolic Aggression” by Pigeons. Analysis Verbal Behav 14, 5–17 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392913
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392913