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Biocontrol of strawberry anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae using Bacillus atrophaeus strain DM6120 with multiple mechanisms

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Abstract

An endophytic bacterial strain, isolated from Fragaria × ananassa roots, and its antifungal activity against Colletotrichum nymphaeae were investigated under in vitro, in vivo, and greenhouse experiments. Bacterial isolate was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus strain DM6120 using phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequences. Bacterial strain DM6120 suppressed mycelial growth of C. nymphaeae (54.92%) using dual-culture method. The non-volatile compounds produced by DM6120 inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. nymphaeae by 74.12% and 80.80%, respectively. However, inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of the pathogen by volatile compounds of the strain DM6120 was lower (11.9%) than that for the two dual culture and non-volatile compound tests. The strain DM6120 produced protease, chitinase, pectinase, siderophore, IAA, gibberellin, and fixed nitrogen. The living cells of the strain DM6120 decreased anthracnose disease at post-harvest on fruit by 71.42%. Furthermore, disease severity of strawberry anthracnose was suppressed using soil drenching and foliar spray application methods 60 days after inoculation by 94.44% and 88.88%, respectively. PCR amplification confirmed the presence of iturin and surfactin genes in strain DM6120. The bioactive fractions produced by strain DM6120 were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Six compounds from n-butanol extract and seven compounds from methanol extract were identified. 1,1-dibutoxyacetone (58.789%) and diethylene glycol, o,o-di(pivaloyl)- (29.922%) from n-butanol extract and acetic acid (39.923%) and 2-furanmethanol (30.305%) from methanol extract were determined as the main bioactive compounds produced by bacterial strain DM6120.

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The data that support the findings of current study are available from corresponding author upon request.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Plant Protection Department of University of Kurdistan (Grant No: 96/19/30039).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Zahra Alijani & Jahanshir Amini

  2. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Morahem Ashengroph

  3. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Bahman Bahramnejad

  4. Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

    Ali Akbar Mozafari

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  1. Zahra Alijani
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ZA, JA, BB, and MA planned and designed the experimental work and ZA executed experiments; ZA, JA, BB, MA, and AAM conducted data analyses and wrote and edit the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jahanshir Amini.

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Alijani, Z., Amini, J., Ashengroph, M. et al. Biocontrol of strawberry anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae using Bacillus atrophaeus strain DM6120 with multiple mechanisms. Trop. plant pathol. 47, 245–259 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-021-00477-7

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