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Effect of Light and Activated Charcoal on Tracheary Element Differentiation in Callus Cultures of Pinus Radiata D. Don

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Abstract

Light has been found to increase the proportion of tracheary elements differentiating in callus cultures derived from xylem-parenchyma of Pinus radiata D. Don grown on an induction medium containing activated charcoal but no phytohormones. The differentiation rate increased from 20% when callus was grown in darkness to 45% when callus was grown with a 16 h or 24 h photoperiod. When callus was grown with a 16 h photoperiod, tracheary elements were observed 2 days after transfer of callus to the induction medium, as compared to 5 days when callus was cultured in darkness. The differentiation rate was also influenced by the concentration of activated charcoal added to the induction medium, the optimum concentration being 5 g l−1. Exclusion of activated charcoal from the induction medium decreased the differentiation rate to 2%. The activities of the lignin-related enzymes L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase were significantly higher in cell cultures grown with a 16 h photoperiod as compared to when grown in darkness. The results show that light had a stimulating effect on tracheary element differentiation and the activities of lignin-related enzymes in P. radiata callus cultures. The new growth conditions markedly improve this cell culture system and make it particularly useful for functional gene testing and cell-wall analysis of in vitro grown tracheary elements of coniferous gymnosperms.

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Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

CAD:

cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase

PAL:

phenylalanine ammonia lyase

TE:

tracheary element

TGAL:

thioglycolic acid lignin

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (RFI). We thank M. Brown, G. Carroll, K. Hignett and C. Fok for technical support.

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Author notes

  1. Jens Find

    Present address: Present address: Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Ø. Farimagsgade 2B, 1353, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Ralf Möller, Anna R. Henderson & Jens Find

  2. Ensis, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Roderick D. Ball

  3. Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Technology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany

    Günter Modzel

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  1. Ralf Möller
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  2. Roderick D. Ball
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  4. Günter Modzel
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  5. Jens Find
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Correspondence to Ralf Möller.

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Möller, R., Ball, R.D., Henderson, A.R. et al. Effect of Light and Activated Charcoal on Tracheary Element Differentiation in Callus Cultures of Pinus Radiata D. Don. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 85, 161–171 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-005-9065-z

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