Abstract
The cultivation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum has considerably spread in recent years throughout the world. During the first years of truffle cultivation, weed control is a key practice to improve the establishment of host trees and the proliferation of the fungus in the soil. Glyphosate is nowadays the most commonly used herbicide in Spanish truffle orchards. We explored the effect of glyphosate on the proliferation of T. melanosporum mycorrhizae, on extraradical mycelium and on the inoculum potential of T. melanosporum spores in greenhouse experiments using Quercus ilex seedlings as host plants. No detrimental effect on the secondary infection of T. melanosporum was found after three sequential glyphosate applications in young seedlings during one vegetative period. Instead, a change in the distribution of fine roots and T. melanosporum mycorrhizae along soil depth was observed. On the other hand, results indicate that high application rates of glyphosate hinder the infectivity of T. melanosporum spore inoculum, without apparent impact on the host performance. Our results suggest that glyphosate has the potential to jeopardise the role of the soil spore bank as inoculum source for the colonisation of new roots, also raising the question of whether glyphosate could hinder the presumed role of spores in sexual mating.
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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was funded by the collaboration agreement for the operation of CIET (funded by Diputación Provincial de Huesca, with the participation of CITA, Comarca de la Ribagorza and Ayuntamiento de Graus). Mycelium analyses were financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant RTI2018-093907-B-C21/C22, AEI/FEDER, UE and CERCA.
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Conceptualisation, E.G.-M., S.S. and S.G.-B.; methodology, E.G.-M., S.S., J.P., M.P.-P., P.M. and S.G.-B.; investigation, E.G.-M., S.S., J.P., M.P.-P., P.M. and S.G.-B.; formal analysis, E.G.-M. and S.G.-B.; writing—original draft preparation, E.G.-M., S.S. and S.G.-B.; writing—review and editing: E.G.-M., S.S., J.P., S.G.-B. and A.C; supervision, S.S. and S.G.-B.; funding acquisition: E.G.-M. and S.S.
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Gómez-Molina, E., Sánchez, S., Parladé, J. et al. Glyphosate treatments for weed control affect early stages of root colonization by Tuber melanosporum but not secondary colonization. Mycorrhiza 30, 725–733 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00990-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00990-8