Abstract
In this paper we present a novel CPT symmetry test in the neutral kaon system based, for the first time, on the direct comparison of the probabilities of a transition and its CPT reverse. The required interchange of in ↔ out states for a given process is obtained exploiting the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations of neutral kaon pairs produced at a ϕ-factory. The observable quantities have been constructed by selecting the two semileptonic decays for flavour tag, the ππ and 3π 0 decays for CP tag and the time orderings of the decay pairs. The interpretation in terms of the standard Weisskopf-Wigner approach to this system, directly connects CPT violation in these observables to the violating ℜδ parameter in the mass matrix of \( {\mathrm{K}}^0-{\overline{\mathrm{K}}}^0 \), a genuine CPT violating effect independent of ΔΓ and not requiring the decay as an essential ingredient.
Possible spurious effects induced by CP violation in the decay and/or a violation of the ΔS = ΔQ rule have been shown to be well under control. The proposed test is thus fully robust, and might shed light on possible new CPT violating mechanisms, or further improve the precision of the present experimental limits. It could be implemented at the DAΦNE facility in Frascati, where the KLOE-2 experiment might reach a statistical sensitivity of O (10−3) on the newly proposed observable quantities.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
G. Lüders, Proof of the TCP theorem, Annals Phys. 2 (1957) 1 [INSPIRE].
W. Pauli, Exclusion principle, Lorentz group and reflexion of space-time and charge, in Niels Bohr and the development of physics, edited by W. Pauli, Pergamon, London (1955).
J.S. Bell, Time reversal in field theory, Proc. R. Soc. London A 231 (1955) 479.
R. Jost, A remark on the C.T.P. theorem, Helv. Phys. Acta 30 (1957) 409 [INSPIRE].
O.W. Greenberg, CPT violation implies violation of Lorentz invariance, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 231602 [hep-ph/0201258] [INSPIRE].
O.W. Greenberg, Why is CPT fundamental?, Found. Phys. 36 (2006) 1535 [hep-ph/0309309] [INSPIRE].
S. Hollands, A General PCT theorem for the operator product expansion in curved space-time, Commun. Math. Phys. 244 (2004) 209 [gr-qc/0212028] [INSPIRE].
Particle Data Group collaboration, K.A. Olive et al., Review of Particle Physics, Chin. Phys. C 38 (2014) 090001 [INSPIRE].
KLOE collaboration, F. Ambrosino et al., First observation of quantum interference in the process ϕ → K S K L → π + π − π + π − : A Test of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, Phys. Lett. B 642 (2006) 315 [hep-ex/0607027] [INSPIRE].
KLOE collaboration, A. Di Domenico et al., Search for CPT violation and decoherence effects in the neutral kaon system, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 171 (2009) 012008 [INSPIRE].
KLOE collaboration, A. Di Domenico et al., CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics tests in the neutral kaon system at KLOE, Found. Phys. 40 (2010) 852 [INSPIRE].
KLOE-2 collaboration, D. Babusci et al., Test of CPT and Lorentz symmetry in entangled neutral kaons with the KLOE experiment, Phys. Lett. B 730 (2014) 89 [arXiv:1312.6818] [INSPIRE].
CPLEAR collaboration, R. Adler et al., Tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics with experimental data from CPLEAR, Phys. Lett. B 364 (1995) 239 [hep-ex/9511001] [INSPIRE].
V. Weisskopf and E.P. Wigner, Calculation of the natural brightness of spectral lines on the basis of Dirac’s theory, Z. Phys. 63 (1930) 54 [INSPIRE].
P.K. Kabir, The CP puzzle, Academic Press, London U.K. (1968).
O. Nachtmann, Elementary Particle Physics: Concepts and Phenomena, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Germany (1990).
L. Maiani, CP and CPT violation in neutral kaon decays, in The second DAΦNE handbook, ed. L. Maiani, G. Pancheri, N. Paver, Vol.I p.3-26, INFN-LNF, Frascati (1995).
CPLEAR collaboration, A. Angelopoulos et al., A Determination of the CPT violation parameter Re(delta) from the semileptonic decay of strangeness tagged neutral kaons, Phys. Lett. B 444 (1998) 52 [INSPIRE].
J.S. Bell and J. Steinberger, Weak interactions of kaons, Proc. of the Oxford Int. Conf. on Elementary Particles (1965).
KLOE collaboration, F. Ambrosino et al., Determination of CP and CPT violation parameters in the neutral kaon system using the Bell-Steinberger relation and data from the KLOE experiment, JHEP 12 (2006) 011 [hep-ex/0610034] [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu and F. Martinez-Vidal, Colloquium: Time-reversal violation with quantum-entangled B mesons, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 (2015) 165 [arXiv:1410.1742] [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu, A. Di Domenico and P. Villanueva-Perez, Direct test of time reversal symmetry in the entangled neutral kaon system at a ϕ-factory, Nucl. Phys. B 868 (2013) 102.
M.C. Banuls and J. Bernabeu, CP, T and CPT versus temporal asymmetries for entangled states of the B d system, Phys. Lett. B 464 (1999) 117 [hep-ph/9908353] [INSPIRE].
M.C. Banuls and J. Bernabeu, Studying indirect violation of CP, T and CPT in a B factory, Nucl. Phys. B 590 (2000) 19 [hep-ph/0005323] [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu, F. Martinez-Vidal and P. Villanueva-Perez, Time Reversal Violation from the entangled B0-antiB0 system, JHEP 08 (2012) 064 [arXiv:1203.0171] [INSPIRE].
BaBar collaboration, J.P. Lees et al., Observation of Time Reversal Violation in the B 0 Meson System, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 211801 [arXiv:1207.5832] [INSPIRE].
L. Wolfenstein, The search for direct evidence for time reversal violation, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 8 (1999) 501[INSPIRE].
G. Amelino-Camelia et al., Physics with the KLOE-2 experiment at the upgraded DAΦNE, Eur. Phys. J. C 68 (2010) 619 [arXiv:1003.3868] [INSPIRE].
T.T. Wu and C.-N. Yang, Phenomenological Analysis of Violation of CP Invariance in Decay of K0 and anti-K0, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13 (1964) 380 [INSPIRE].
E. Applebaum, A. Efrati, Y. Grossman, Y. Nir and Y. Soreq, Subtleties in the BABAR measurement of time-reversal violation, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 076011 [arXiv:1312.4164] [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu, F.J. Botella and M. Nebot, Novel T-Violation observable open to any pair of decay channels at meson factories, Phys. Lett. B 728 (2014) 95 [arXiv:1309.0439] [INSPIRE].
A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen, Can quantum mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?, Phys. Rev. 47 (1935) 777 [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu, N.E. Mavromatos and J. Papavassiliou, Novel type of CPT violation for correlated EPR states, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 131601 [hep-ph/0310180] [INSPIRE].
J. Bernabeu, N.E. Mavromatos, J. Papavassiliou and A. Waldron-Lauda, Intrinsic CPT violation and decoherence for entangled neutral mesons, Nucl. Phys. B 744 (2006) 180 [hep-ph/0506025] [INSPIRE].
L. Wolfenstein, Violation of time reversal invariance in K0 decays, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 911 [INSPIRE].
A. Di Domenico (Ed.), Handbook on Neutral Kaon Interferometry at a ϕ-factory, Frascati Phys. Ser. 43 (2007).
J.R. Ellis, J.S. Hagelin, D.V. Nanopoulos and M. Srednicki, Search for Violations of Quantum Mechanics, Nucl. Phys. B 241 (1984) 381 [INSPIRE].
J.R. Ellis, J.L. Lopez, N.E. Mavromatos and D.V. Nanopoulos, Precision tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics in the neutral kaon system, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 3846 [hep-ph/9505340] [INSPIRE].
L.-F. Li and L. Wolfenstein, Current Algebra Analysis of CP Violations in K → 3π Decay in the Six Quark Weinberg-Salam Model, Phys. Rev. D 21 (1980) 178 [INSPIRE].
L. Maiani and N. Paver, CP violation in K → 3π decays, in The second DAΦNE handbook, ed. L. Maiani, G. Pancheri, N. Paver, Vol.I p.51-62, INFN-LNF, Frascati (1995).
G. D’Ambrosio, G. Isidori and A. Pugliese, CP and CPT measurements at DAΦNE, in The second DAΦNE handbook, ed. L. Maiani, G. Pancheri, N. Paver, Vol.I p.63-95, INFN-LNF, Frascati (1995).
KLOE collaboration, D. Babusci et al., A new limit on the CP-violating decay K S → 3π 0 with the KLOE experiment, Phys. Lett. B 723 (2013) 54 [arXiv:1301.7623] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1509.02000
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
About this article
Cite this article
Bernabeu, J., Di Domenico, A. & Villanueva-Perez, P. Probing CPT in transitions with entangled neutral kaons. J. High Energ. Phys. 2015, 139 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2015)139
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP10(2015)139