Abstract
The real projective plane is a compact, non-orientable orbifold of Euler characteristic 1 without boundaries, which can be described as a twisted Klein bottle. We shortly review the motivations for choosing such a geometry among all possible two-dimensional orbifolds, while the main part of the study will be devoted to dark matter study and limits in Universal Extra Dimensional (UED) models based on this peculiar geometry. In the following we consider such a UED construction based on the direct product of the real projective plane with the standard four-dimensional Minkowski space-time and discuss its relevance as a model of a weakly interacting Dark Matter candidate.
One important difference with other typical UED models is the origin of the symmetry leading to the stability of the dark matter particle. This symmetry in our case is a remnant of the six-dimensional Minkowski space-time symmetry partially broken by the compactification. Another important difference is the very small mass splitting between the particles of a given Kaluza-Klein tier, which gives a very important role to co-annihilation effects. Finally the role of higher Kaluza-Klein tiers is also important and is discussed together with a detailed numerical description of the influence of the resonances.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Servant and T.M. Tait, Is the lightest Kaluza-Klein particle a viable dark matter candidate?, Nucl. Phys. B 650 (2003) 391 [hep-ph/0206071] [INSPIRE].
G. Cacciapaglia, A. Deandrea and J. Llodra-Perez, A Dark matter candidate from Lorentz invariance in 6D, JHEP 03 (2010) 083 [arXiv:0907.4993] [INSPIRE].
P. Gondolo and G. Gelmini, Cosmic abundances of stable particles: Improved analysis, Nucl. Phys. B 360 (1991) 145 [INSPIRE].
J. Edsjö and P. Gondolo, Neutralino relic density including coannihilations, Phys. Rev. D 56 (1997) 1879 [hep-ph/9704361] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, MicrOMEGAs: A Program for calculating the relic density in the MSSM, Comput. Phys. Commun. 149 (2002) 103 [hep-ph/0112278] [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema, A. Pukhov and A. Semenov, MicrOMEGAs: Version 1.3, Comput. Phys. Commun. 174 (2006) 577 [hep-ph/0405253] [INSPIRE].
WMAP collaboration, E. Komatsu et al., Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 192 (2011) 18 [arXiv:1001.4538] [INSPIRE].
M. Kamionkowski and M.S. Turner, Thermal relics: do we know their abundances?, Phys. Rev. D 42 (1990) 3310 [INSPIRE].
P. Salati, Quintessence and the relic density of neutralinos, Phys. Lett. B 571 (2003) 121 [astro-ph/0207396] [INSPIRE].
S. Profumo and P. Ullio, SUSY dark matter and quintessence, JCAP 11 (2003) 006 [hep-ph/0309220] [INSPIRE].
D.J. Chung, L.L. Everett, K. Kong and K.T. Matchev, Connecting LHC, ILC and Quintessence, JHEP 10 (2007) 016 [arXiv:0706.2375] [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi, SUSY constraints from relic density: High sensitivity to pre-BBN expansion rate, Phys. Lett. B 669 (2008) 46 [arXiv:0803.0741] [INSPIRE].
T. Moroi and L. Randall, Wino cold dark matter from anomaly mediated SUSY breaking, Nucl. Phys. B 570 (2000) 455 [hep-ph/9906527] [INSPIRE].
G.F. Giudice, E.W. Kolb and A. Riotto, Largest temperature of the radiation era and its cosmological implications, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 023508 [hep-ph/0005123] [INSPIRE].
N. Fornengo, A. Riotto and S. Scopel, Supersymmetric dark matter and the reheating temperature of the universe, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 023514 [hep-ph/0208072] [INSPIRE].
G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo, A. Soldatenko and C.E. Yaguna, The effect of a late decaying scalar on the neutralino relic density, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 083514 [hep-ph/0605016] [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi, SUSY constraints, relic density and very early Universe, JHEP 05 (2010) 051 [arXiv:0906.0368] [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi, SuperIso Relic: A Program for calculating relic density and flavor physics observables in Supersymmetry, Comput. Phys. Commun. 181 (2010) 1277 [arXiv:0906.0369] [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi, SuperIso Relic v3.0: A program for calculating relic density and flavour physics observables: Extension to NMSSM, Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 (2011) 1582 [INSPIRE].
A. Arbey, AlterBBN: A program for calculating the BBN abundances of the elements in alternative cosmologies, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1822 [arXiv:1106.1363] [INSPIRE].
H. Dohi and K.-y. Oda, Universal extra dimensions on real projective plane, Phys. Lett. B 692 (2010) 114 [arXiv:1004.3722] [INSPIRE].
G. Cacciapaglia and B. Kubik, Even tiers and resonances on the Real Projective Plane, arXiv:1209.6556 [INSPIRE].
G. Cacciapaglia, A. Deandrea and J. Llodra-Perez, The Universal Real Projective Plane: LHC phenomenology at one Loop, JHEP 10 (2011) 146 [arXiv:1104.3800] [INSPIRE].
B.A. Dobrescu and E. Ponton, Chiral compactification on a square, JHEP 03 (2004) 071 [hep-th/0401032] [INSPIRE].
G. Burdman, B.A. Dobrescu and E. Ponton, Six-dimensional gauge theory on the chiral square, JHEP 02 (2006) 033 [hep-ph/0506334] [INSPIRE].
M. Kakizaki, S. Matsumoto, Y. Sato and M. Senami, Relic abundance of LKP dark matter in UED model including effects of second KK resonances, Nucl. Phys. B 735 (2006) 84 [hep-ph/0508283] [INSPIRE].
T. Appelquist, H.-C. Cheng and B.A. Dobrescu, Bounds on universal extra dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 64 (2001) 035002 [hep-ph/0012100] [INSPIRE].
M. Kakizaki, S. Matsumoto and M. Senami, Relic abundance of dark matter in the minimal universal extra dimension model, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 023504 [hep-ph/0605280] [INSPIRE].
N.D. Christensen and C. Duhr, FeynRules — Feynman rules made easy, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009) 1614 [arXiv:0806.4194] [INSPIRE].
A. Pukhov, CalcHEP 2.3: MSSM, structure functions, event generation, batchs and generation of matrix elements for other packages, hep-ph/0412191 [INSPIRE].
G. Bélanger, M. Kakizaki and A. Pukhov, Dark matter in UED: the role of the second KK level, JCAP 02 (2011) 009 [arXiv:1012.2577] [INSPIRE].
D.Y. Akimov et al., WIMP-nucleon cross-section results from the second science run of ZEPLIN-III, Phys. Lett. B 709 (2012) 14 [arXiv:1110.4769] [INSPIRE].
CDMS and EDELWEISS collaborations, Z. Ahmed et al., Combined Limits on WIMPs from the CDMS and EDELWEISS Experiments, Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 011102 [arXiv:1105.3377] [INSPIRE].
XENON100 collaboration, E. Aprile et al., Dark Matter Results from 100 Live Days of XENON100 Data, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 131302 [arXiv:1104.2549] [INSPIRE].
XENON100 collaboration, E. Aprile et al., The XENON100 Dark Matter Experiment, Astropart. Phys. 35 (2012) 573 [arXiv:1107.2155] [INSPIRE].
K. Nishiwaki, K.-y. Oda, N. Okuda and R. Watanabe, A Bound on Universal Extra Dimension Models from up to 2 fb −1 of LHC Data at 7 TeV, Phys. Lett. B 707 (2012) 506 [arXiv:1108.1764] [INSPIRE].
T. Kakuda, K. Nishiwaki, K.-y. Oda, N. Okuda and R. Watanabe, Higgs at ILC in Universal Extra Dimensions in Light of Recent LHC Data, arXiv:1202.6231 [INSPIRE].
B.A. Dobrescu, D. Hooper, K. Kong and R. Mahbubani, Spinless photon dark matter from two universal extra dimensions, JCAP 10 (2007) 012 [arXiv:0706.3409] [INSPIRE].
K. Kong and K.T. Matchev, Precise calculation of the relic density of Kaluza-Klein dark matter in universal extra dimensions, JHEP 01 (2006) 038 [hep-ph/0509119] [INSPIRE].
F. Burnell and G.D. Kribs, The abundance of Kaluza-Klein dark matter with coannihilation, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 015001 [hep-ph/0509118] [INSPIRE].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
About this article
Cite this article
Arbey, A., Cacciapaglia, G., Deandrea, A. et al. Dark Matter in a twisted bottle. J. High Energ. Phys. 2013, 147 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2013)147
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP01(2013)147