Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Towards personalities for animated agents with reactive and planning behaviors

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 1195))

Abstract

We describe a framework for creating animated simulations of virtual human agents. The framework allows us to capture flexible patterns of activity, reactivity to a changing environment, and certain aspects of an agent personality model. Each leads to variation in how an animated simulation will be realized. As different parts of an activity make different demands on an agent's resources and decision-making, our framework allows special-purpose reasoners and planners to be associated with only those phases of an activity where they are needed. Personality is reflected in locomotion choices which are guided by an agent model that interacts with the other components of the framework.

This research has been partially supported by DMSO DAAH04-94-G-0402; ARPA DAMD17-94-J-4486; U.S. Air Force DEPTH through Hughes Missile Systems F33615-91-C-0001; Air Force DAAH04-95-1-0151; NSF IRI95-04372; ARO DURIP DAAH04-95-1-0023; and ARPA AASERT DAAH04-94-G-0362.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Badler N. (1989) A representation for natural human movement. In J. Gray (ed.), Dance Technology I. AAHPERD Publications, Reston, VA, pp.23–44

    Google Scholar 

  2. Badler N.I., Hollick M.J., Granieri J. (1993) Real-time control of a virtual human using minimal sensors. Presence 2(1) pp.82–86

    Google Scholar 

  3. Badler N.I., Phillips C.W., Webber B.L. (1993) Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics Animation and Control. Oxford University Press, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  4. Badler N.I., Webber B.L., Becket W., Geib C., Moore M., Pelachaud C., Reich B., Stone M. (1995) Planning for animation. In: Magnenat-Thalmann N., Thalmann D. (eds.) Computer Animation, Prentice-Hall

    Google Scholar 

  5. Badler N.I., Webber B.L., Kalita J. and Esakov J. (1991) Animation from instructions. In Badler N., Barsky B., Zeltzer D. (eds.), Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control, and Animation of Articulated Figures. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA pp.51–93

    Google Scholar 

  6. Becket W. (1994) The Jack Lisp API. Technical Report MS-CIS-94-01, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

    Google Scholar 

  7. Becket W. (1995) Reinforcement Learning for Reactive Navigation of Simulated Autonomous Bipeds. PhD Thesis, University of Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  8. Becket W.M., Badler N.I. (1993) Integrated behavioral agent architecture. In The Third Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL

    Google Scholar 

  9. Braitenberg V. (1984) Vehicles: Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bratman M., Israel D., Pollack M. (1988) Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning. Computational Intelligence 4(4), pp.349–355

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brooks R. (1986) A robust layered control system for a mobile robot. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, pp.14–23

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bruderlin A., Williams L. (1995) Motion signal processing. Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, ACM, pp.97–104

    Google Scholar 

  13. Burdea G., Coiffet P. (1994) Virtual Reality Technology. Wiley, NY

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cassell J., Pelachaud C., Badler N., Steedman M., Achorn B., Becket W., Douville B., Prevost S., Stone M. (1994) Animated Conversation: Rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents. Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, ACM, pp.413–420

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chi D., Webber B., Clarke J., Badler N. (1996) Casualty modeling for real-time medical training. Presence, Special issue on human modelling

    Google Scholar 

  16. Cohen M.F. (1992) Interactive spacetime control for animation. Computer Graphics 26(2), pp.293–302

    Google Scholar 

  17. Dell C. (1970) A Primer for Movement Description. Dance Notation Bureau, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  18. Douville B. (1995) PaT-Net User's Guide. Technical Report. Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  19. Geib C. (1995) The Intentional Planning System: ItPlanS. PhD Thesis, Dept of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hahn J.K. (1988) Realistic animation of rigid bodies. Computer Graphics 22(4), pp.299–308

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hutchinson A. (1970) Labanotation. Theatre Arts Books, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ko H. (1994) Kinematic and Dynamic Techniques for Analyzing, Predicting, and Animating Human Locomotion. PhD Dissertation, Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  23. Moore M.B. (1993) Search Plans. (PhD Dissertation Proposal) Technical Report MS-CIS-93-56/LINC LAB 250/IRCS-93-29. Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania

    Google Scholar 

  24. Moore M.B., Geib C.W., Reich B.D. (1995) Planning and terrain reasoning. AAAI Spring Symposium on Integrated Planning Applications, Stanford CA (March 1995). (Also available as Technical Report MS-CIS-94-63, University of Pennsyvania)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Reich B.D., Ko H., Becket W., Badler N. (1994) Terrain reasoning for human locomotion. Proceedings of Computer Animation '94, Geneva, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp.996–1005

    Google Scholar 

  26. Renault O., Magnenat-Thalmann N., Thalmann D. (1990) A vision-based approach to behavioral animation. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 1(1), pp.18–21

    Google Scholar 

  27. Reynolds C.W. (1987) Flocks, herds, and schools: A distributed behavioral model. Computer Graphics 21(4), pp.25–34

    Google Scholar 

  28. Reynolds C.W. (1988) Not bumping into things. SIGGRAPH Course 27 Notes: Developments in Physically-Based Modeling, ACM SIGGRAPH, pp.G1–G13

    Google Scholar 

  29. Robertson B. (1994) Caught in the act. Computer Graphics World 17(9), pp.23–28

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sacerdoti E. (1977) A Structure for Plans and Behavior. American Elsevier, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  31. Schank R., Abelson R. (1977) Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sims K. (1994) Evolving virtual creatures. Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, ACM, pp.15–22

    Google Scholar 

  33. Thomas F., Johnson O. (1981) Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life. Abbeville Press, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tu X., Terzopoulos D. (1994) Artificial fishes: Physics, locomotion, perception, and behavior. Computer Graphics, Annual Conference Series, ACM, pp.43–50

    Google Scholar 

  35. Webber B., Badler N., Di Eugenio B., Geib C., Levison L., Moore M. (1995) Instructions, intentions and expectations. Artificial Intelligence Journal 73, pp.253–269

    Google Scholar 

  36. Weber L., Smoliar S.W., Badler N.I. (1978) An architecture for the simulation of human movement. In: Proc. ACM Annual Conf., Washington, DC, pp.737–745

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wilhelms J., Skinner R. (1990) A ‘notion’ for interactive behavioral animation control. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 10(3), pp.14–22

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wilkins D.E. (1988) Practical Planning. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA

    Google Scholar 

  39. Williams L. (1990) Performance-driven animation. Computer Graphics, 24(4), pp.235–242

    Google Scholar 

  40. Witkin A., Kass M. (1988) Spacetime constraints. Computer Graphics 22(4), pp.159–168

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Human Modeling and Simulation Department of Computer & Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, USA

    Norman I. Badler, Barry D. Reich & Bonnie L. Webber

Authors
  1. Norman I. Badler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barry D. Reich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bonnie L. Webber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Robert Trappl Paolo Petta

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Badler, N.I., Reich, B.D., Webber, B.L. (1997). Towards personalities for animated agents with reactive and planning behaviors. In: Trappl, R., Petta, P. (eds) Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1195. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0030569

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0030569

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62735-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68501-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation