Abstract
This review is focused on the effects of histamine and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in allergic rhinitis and the plausible implications for therapy. Rhinitis is defined as a heterogeneous disorder resulting from an IgE-mediated reaction associated with nasal inflammation of variable intensity. Two phases of response are triggered by an IgE/allergen cross-linking event: the first is the release of preformed mediators such as histamine or interleukins from mast cells and basophils; the second begins when cells start producing lipid-derived mediators. One of these mediators is PAF. Apart from leukotrienes, PAF is perhaps the most potent inflammatory mediator in allergic rhinitis for inducing vascular leakage, a response that may contribute to the appearance of rhinorrhea and nasal congestion.
Resumen
Esta revisión se centra en los efectos de la histamina y del factor de activación plaquetaria (PAF) en la rinitis alérgica y sus posibles implicaciones en terapia. La rinitis alérgica es un desorden heterogéneo que resulta de una reación mediada por IgE asociada con inflamación nasal de intensidad variable. La reacción cruzada IgE/alergeno da lugar a una respuesta que incluye dos fases: la primera implica la liberación de mediadores formados previamente tales como la histamina o las interleuquinas por parte de mastocitos y basófilos; la segunda fase empieza cuando las células empiezan a producir mediadores inflamatorios derivados de lípidos. Uno de estos mediadores es el PAF. Aparte de los leucotrienos, el PAF es quizás el más potente mediador inflamatorio en la rinitis alérgica para inducir infiltración vascular, una respuesta que puede contribuir a la aparición de rinorrea y congestión nasal.
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