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Recent issues in the Swedish preschool

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Summary

In Sweden most of the young children are in preschool from early years. The government has taken responsibility by introducing different reforms such as child allowance, maternity leave, access to preschool for all children etc. Preschool (in Sweden for children aged 1–5 years and preschool class for 6 years old) is, since 1998, the first step in the educational system with a national curriculum (Ministry of Education and Science in Sweden, 1998a). The local education authorities have now had five years to launch the curriculum.

Reforms that provide support for families started before World War II, but as they culminated during a period of increasing effectiveness in combination with harsh economies in the public sector they are experienced by the teachers both as quality improvements and quality threats. The quality of preschool is a matter of concern at both a national and local level, although most parents appear to be satisfied. In the process of evaluating preschool quality in Gothenburg (Sweden’s second largest city) focus groups were developed with representatives from the 21 city districts. The results of the focus group analyses are presented and discussed in the present article.

Résumé

En Suède, la plupart des enfants fréquentent, dès le jeune âge, des structures préscolaires. Le gouvernement a pris la responsabilité d’introduire différentes réformes telles qu’ allocations pour enfants, congés de maternité, accès au préscolaire pour tous etc ... L’institution préscolaire, en Suède, reçoit des enfants âgés de 1 à 5 ans et les classes préscolaires des enfants de 6 ans. Cette structure constitue, depuis 1998, le premier palier du système éducatif avec un programme national relevant du Ministère de l’Education et des Sciences. Les autorités locales ont maintenant 5 ans pour lancer ce programme.

Des réformes pour procurer une aide aux familles ont commencé avant la 2e guerre mondiale mais, à cause du fait qu’elles ont culminé pendant une période de riguer économique, elles ont été vécues par les enseignants comme étant à la fois des améliorations et des menaces. La qualité du préscolaire concerne à la fois le plan national et le plan local; en fait la plupart des parents sén contentent. Pour procéder à l’évaluation de la qualité du préscolaire à Gothenburg (la seconde grande ville de Suède), un groupe d’observation s’est développé avec des représentants de 21 arrondissements urbains. Les résultats des analyses de ce groupe sont présentés et discutés dans le présent article.

Resumen

En Suecia la mayoría de los niños pequeños, desde temprana edad, asisten al preescolar. El gobierno ha tomado la responsabilidad introduciendo diferentes reformas tales como asignación por niño; permiso maternal; acceso para todos los niños al nivel preescolar, etc. El nivel Preescolar (en Suecia incluye a niños de 1 a 5 años y la clase preescolar para niños de 6 años) es desde 1998, el primer nivel del sistema educacional que tiene un curriculum nacional (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de Suecia, 1998a). Las autoridades educacionales locales tienen ahora cinco años para el lanzamiento del curriculum.

Las reformas para apoyar a las familias se iniciaron antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pero estas se terminaron después de un periodo económico muy duro en el sector público. Los profesores frente a las últimas reformas experimentaron tanto una sensación de mejoramiento como de amenazas en la calidad. La calidad del preescolar les corresponde a ambos, nivel local y nacional, y la mayoria de los padres están satisfechos al respecto. En el proceso de evaluación de la calidad del preescolar en Gotenburgo (la segunda ciudad más grande de Suecia) se desarrollaron focus group con representantes de 21 distritos. Los resultados de los análisis de los focus group son presentados y discutidos en el presente articulo.

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Correspondence to Ingrid Pramling Samuelsson or Sonja Sheridan.

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Samuelsson, I.P., Sheridan, S. Recent issues in the Swedish preschool. IJEC 36, 7–22 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03165937

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