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Quality of Early Childhood Education in Private and Government Preschools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Abstract

The present study assesses the quality of preschools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and examines differences in quality between government and private preschools. Thirty-seven preschools (16 government and 21 private) and 37 preschool teachers from Addis Ababa participated in this study. Data were collected using the Global Guidelines Assessment (GGA) Scale which contains 76 items across five areas of practice: Environment and Physical Space, Curriculum Content and Pedagogy, Early Childhood Education Educators and Caregivers, Partnership with Families and Communities, and Young Children with Special Needs. Items are rated on a 5-point scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Specific analyses also considered if preschools were meeting adequate quality standards. Both private and government preschools had less than ‘adequate’ quality. Private preschools had relatively better quality compared with government preschools. The GGA is an important measurement tool to measure quality in ECE services that can inform policy and advocacy efforts to deliver higher quality early childhood education in the Ethiopian context. Preschools in Ethiopia could use the GGA scale, as a self-evaluation tool, to identify how and where to focus their efforts in order to deliver quality early education to children and families.

Résumé

La présente étude évalue la qualité des maternelles en Éthiopie et examine les différences de qualité entre maternelles gouvernementales et privées. Trente-sept maternelles (16 gouvernementales et 21 privées) et 37 instituteurs du préscolaire à Addis-Abeba ont participé à cette étude. Des données ont été recueillies en faisant appel à l’échelle Global Guidelines Assessment (GGA) contenant 76 items répartis en cinq domaines de pratique : environnement et espace physique, contenu de programme et pédagogie, instituteurs et éducateurs de la petite enfance, partenariat avec les familles et les communautés, et jeunes enfants ayant des besoins spéciaux. Les items sont notés sur une échelle de 5 points. Les données ont été analysées au moyen de statistiques descriptives et inférentielles. Des analyses spécifiques ont également examiné si les maternelles répondent à des normes de qualité appropriée. Les maternelles tant gouvernementales que publiques présentent une qualité moins qu’ « appropriée » . Les maternelles privées sont d’une qualité relativement meilleure par rapport aux maternelles gouvernementales. L’échelle GGA constitue un important outil de mesure de la qualité des services d’éducation de la petite enfance, pouvant guider les politiques et les efforts de plaidoyer en faveur de l’offre d’une éducation de la petite enfance de meilleure qualité en contexte éthiopien. Les maternelles en Éthiopie pourraient utiliser l’échelle GGA comme outil d’autoévaluation pour identifier comment et où concentrer leurs efforts pour fournir une éducation préscolaire de qualité aux enfants et leurs familles.

Resumen

El presente estudio evalúa la calidad de la educación preescolar en Etiopía y examina las diferencias de calidad entre instituciones preescolares gubernamentales y privadas. En este estudio participaron 37 instituciones preescolares (16 gubernamentales y 21 privadas) y 37 educadores preescolares de Adís Abeba. Se recolectó información utilizando la Escala Global de Evaluación de Directrices (GGA, por su sigla en inglés) la cual contiene 76 elementos que abarcan cinco áreas de práctica educativa: Espacio Físico y Ambiental, Contenido Curricular y Pedagogía, Educadores Preescolares y Cuidadores, Trabajo conjunto con Familias y Comunidades, y Niños Pequeños con Necesidades Especiales. Dichos elementos se clasificaron en una escala de cinco puntos. La información fue analizada utilizando un método estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Análisis específicos también tuvieron en cuenta si las instituciones de preescolar cumplían con estándares de calidad adecuados. Tanto las instituciones gubernamentales como las privadas mostraron un nivel de calidad menos que “adecuado”. Las instituciones preescolares privadas mostraron calidad relativamente superior al compararse con las gubernamentales. La escala GGA es un instrumento importante de medición de calidad en servicios de Educación Infantil Temprana que sirve para influenciar las políticas y los esfuerzos de apoyo para así ofrecer una mejor educación preescolar en el contexto de Etiopía. Las instituciones preescolares de Etiopía podrían utilizar dicha escala como una herramienta de autoevaluación para identificar dónde y en qué forma se pueden enfocar los esfuerzos para ofrecer una educación temprana de buena calidad a niños y sus familias.

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Admas, F. Quality of Early Childhood Education in Private and Government Preschools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. IJEC 51, 163–176 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-019-00248-1

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