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Performance of haploid x wild species, 2x hybrids (involving five newly evaluated species) in 4x × 2x families

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Abstract

The 4x × 2x breeding scheme in potato allows introgression of germ-plasm from the 2x wild species into the cultivated tetraploid. Eighteen 4x × 2x, forty-five 4x × 4x, seven 4x-selfs, and five open pollinated (OP) families were transplanted in a randomized complete block design with two replications and 18 plants per family per replication. The 2x parents of the 4x × 2x families were seven haploid x wild species hybrids. These hybrids involve five 2x, wild species,Solanum bukasovii, S. gourlayi, S. muhidissectum, S. vermi, andS. verrucosum, which had not previously been evaluated in the 4x × 2x breeding scheme. Data were recorded for family yield, maturity, tuber uniformity, tuber number, and general tuber appearance. The 4x × 2x families as a group performed as well as or better than the 4x × 4x, 4x-self, and 4x-OP groups for all traits except maturity. Within family maturity distributions for 4x × 2x families indicate the possibility to select early maturing clones from high yielding families. Eleven of the fifteen families in the top 25% of the 4x × 2x and 4x × 4x families for yield were 4x × 2x families. Three of the four 2x parents evaluated for parental performance gave highly significant responses for increased yield. 4x × 2x families with Chiquita as a parent were the poorest yielding while several of the 4x x 4x families of which it was a parent were among the highest yielding: This indicates that the benefits of maximum heterozygosity may be overridden if the percentage of unadapted germplasm is too high.

Compendio

El programa 4x × 2x de mejoramiento en papa permite el pase de genes del germoplasma de las especies silvestres 2x en los tetraploides cultivados. Dieciocho 4x × 2x, cuarenticinco 4x × 4x, siete 4x autofecun-dados y cinco familias de polinización libre (PL) fueron trasplantados en un diseõ de bloques completamente al azar con dos repeticiones y 18 plantas por familia y por repetición. Los progenitores 2x de las familias 4x × 2x fueron siete híbridos haploide x especies silvestres. Estos híbridos incluían cinco especies silvestres 2x,Solanum bukasovii, S. gourlayi, S. multidissectum S. vermi, yS. verrucosum que no habían sido evaluadas anteriormente en el programa de mejoramiento 4x × 2x. Los datos registrados fueron el rendimiento por familia, maduración, uniformidad de tubérculo, número de tubérculos y apariencia general del tubérculo. Las familias 4x × 2x, como grupo, se comportaron tan bien o mejor que los grupos 4x × 4x, 4x autofecundados y 4x-PL para todas las características con excepción de la maduración. Dentro de la familia las distribuciones de la maduración para las familias 4x × 2x indican la posibilidad de seleccionar clones precoces de familias con alto rendimiento. Once de las quince familias en el 25% superior por rendimiento délas familias 4x × 2x y 4x × 4x fueron familias 4x × 2x. Tres de los cuatro progenitores 2x evaluados para comportamiento parental dieron respuestas altamente significativas en incrementos de rendimiento. Las familias 4x × 2x, con Chiquita como uno de los progenitores, fueron las de rendimientos más pobres mientras que varias de las familias 4x × 4x, de las cuales Chiquita era uno de los progenitores, estuvieron entre las de rendimientos más altos. Esto indica que los beneficios de una heterozigosis máxima pueden ser anulados si el porcentaje de germoplasma no adaptado es muy alto.

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Yerk, G.L., Peloquin, S.J. Performance of haploid x wild species, 2x hybrids (involving five newly evaluated species) in 4x × 2x families. American Potato Journal 67, 405–417 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03044509

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