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Male fertility and 2n pollen production in haploid-wild species hybrids

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Abstract

Hybrids (2n = 2x = 24) from crosses between Group Tuberosum haploids (2n = 2x = 24) and 24-chromosome, wild species must be fertile and produce 2n gametes if they are to be used in breeding schemes involving sexual polyploidization. Male fertility of the 2x hybrids depends primarily on the species parent. Hybrids involvingS. berthaultii, S. chacoense, S. kurtzianum, S. spegazzinii, andS. tarijense as parents are male fertile. The haploid parents are male sterile, so the species not only contribute genetic diversity and desirable traits, but also genes necessary for male fertility.S. infundibuliforme, S. raphanifolium, andS. sanctae-rosae parents produced male sterile hybrid progeny, while use ofS. boliviense, S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. microdontum, andS. sparsipilum results in families containing both fertile and sterile plants. Sterility may be due to interactions between Tuberosum cytoplasm and dominant nuclear genes from the species. Genetic male sterility and environmental conditions may also be responsible for low pollen stainability in some hybrids. Many fertile, 2x hybrids produce 2n pollen. Selection for 2n pollen in the species is fast and efficient, but meiotic analysis is required in male sterile haploids. Fortunately, selection in the species parent alone results in a large number of 2n pollen-producing hybrids. These 2x hybrids have been used to generate tetraploids via 4x × 2x crosses.

Resumen

Los híbridos (2n = 2x = 24) derivados de cruzas entre haploides del Grupo Tuberosum (2n = 2x = 24) y especies silvestres de 24 chromosomas deben ser fértiles y deben producir gametos 2n si ellos han de ser usados en esquemas de majoramiento que incluyen la poliploidización sexual. La fertilidad masculina de los hibridos 2x depende, primariamente, de la especie silvestre progenitora. Los hibridos que incluyeronS. berthaultii, S. chacoense, S. kurtzianum, S. spegazzinii yS. tarijense como progenitores presentaron fertilidad masculina. Los progenitores haploides presentan esterilidad masculina, de manera que las especies silvestres no sólo contribuyeron con diversidad genética y características deseables, pero también con genes necesarios para la fertilidad masculina. Los progenitoresS. infundibuliforme, S. raphanifolium, y S.sanctae-rosae produjeron progenie hibrida con esterilidad masculina, mientras que el uso deS. boliviense, S. bukasovii, S. canasense, S. microdontum, yS. sparsipilum producen familias que contienen plantas tanto fértiles como estériles. La esterilidad podria deberse a la interacción entre el citoplasma de Tuberosum y genes dominantes nucleares de las especies silvestres. La esterilidad genética masculina y condiciones ambientales pueden también ser responsables por el bajo porcentaje de polen coloreado en ciertos hibridos. Muchos hibridos 2x fértiles producen polen 2n. La selección por polen 2n en las especies silvestres es rápida y eficiente, pero análisis en la meiosis es requerida en haploides con esterilidad masculina. Afortunádamente, una selección sólo en las especies silvestres resulta en un gran número de híbridos que producen polen 2n. Estos hibridos 2x han sido usados para producir tetraploides através de cruzas 4x1 2x.

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Paper No. 2802 from the Laboratory of Genetics. Research supported by College of Agricultural and Life Sciences; International Potato Center; SEA, USDA CRGO 84-CRCR-1-1389; and Frito-Lay, Inc.

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Hermundstad, S.A., Peloquin, S.J. Male fertility and 2n pollen production in haploid-wild species hybrids. American Potato Journal 62, 479–487 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854521

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