Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether a functional difference exists between the size 2 laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Classic™ (CLMA) and LMA-Proseal™ (PLMA) in anesthetized children who have received neuromuscular blockade. Airway leak during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and adequacy of fibreoptic laryngeal view were the primary study outcomes.
Methods: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded study of 51 ASA I or II children weighing 10–20 kg was undertaken. The anesthetic technique was standardized. Following insertion of the LMA and cuff inflation to 60 cm H2O, we measured oropharyngeal leak pressure and gastric insufflation and leak fraction during IPPV, and evaluated the adequacy of fibreoptic view.
Results: Oropharyngeal leak pressure measured by neck auscultation was higher for the PLMA compared to the CLMA (23.7vs 16.5 cm H2O,P=0.009) but, when measured by the inspiratory hold maneuver was not significantly different (24.8vs 20.3 cm H2O, respectively,P=0.217). Leak fraction values were similar for the CLMA and the PLMA (21.2%.vs 13.3%, respectively,P=0.473). A satisfactory view of the larynx was obtained more frequently in the PLMA group (21/25vs 10/25,P=0.003). Gastric insufflation during leak determination was more common with the CLMA (12/26vs 2/25 CLMAvs PLMA, respectively,P=0.006).
Conclusion: In children undergoing IPPV with neuromuscular blockade, the size 2 PLMA is associated with a higher leak pressure by auscultation and less gastric insufflation compared to the CLMA. Leak pressures assessed by manometric stability are similar with these two devices. The improved fibreoptic view of the larynx through the PLMA may be advantageous for bronchoscopy.
Résumé
Objectif: Déterminer s’il existe une différence fonctionnelle entre les masques laryngés (LMA)-Classic™ (CLMA) et LMA-ProSeal™ (PLMA) de taille 2 chez les enfants anesthésiés lors d’un bloc neuromusculaire. Les fuites du masque pendant la ventilation à pression positive intermittente (VPPI) et une bonne vision laryngée par fibre optique constituaient les résultats principaux recherchés par cette étude.
Méthode: Une étude randomisée contrôlée en aveugle portant sur 51 enfants ASA I ou II et pesant entre 10 et 20 kg a été menée. La technique anesthésique utilisée a été standardisée. Après avoir inséré le LMA et gonflé le ballonnet à 60 cm H2O, nous avons mesuré la pression de fuite oropharyngienne, l’insufflation gastrique et la fraction de fuite pendant la VPPI, et avons évalué la qualité de la vision par fibre optique.
Résultats: La pression de fuite oropharyngienne mesurée par auscultation du cou était plus élevée lors de l’utilisation du PLMA que du CLMA (23,7 vs 16,5 cm H2O, P=0,009) ; toutefois, lorsque celle-ci a été mesurée par manœuvre de retenue respiratoire, il n’y a pas eu de différence significative (24,8 vs 20,3 cm H2O, respectivement, P=0,217). Les valeurs de fraction de fuite étaient semblables avec le CLMA et le PLMA (21,2 % vs 13,3 %, respectivement, P=0,473). Une vision satisfaisante du larynx a été plus fréquemment obtenue dans le groupe PLMA (21/25 vs 10/25, P=0,003). L’insufflation gastrique pendant la détermination de la fuite a été plus fréquemment observée dans le groupe CLMA (12/26 vs 2/25 CLMA vs PLMA, respectivement, P=0,006).
Conclusion: Chez les enfants subissant une VPPI lors d’un bloc neuromusculaire, le PLMA de taille 2 est associé à une pression de fuite plus élevée par auscultation et moins d’insufflation gastrique par rapport à une utilisation du CLMA. Les pressions de fuite évaluées par stabilité manométrique sont semblables avec les deux appareils. Une vision par fibre optique améliorée du larynx avec le PLMA pourrait s’avérer utile pour la bronchoscopie.
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Disclosures: Vitaid Ltd provided LMA-Proseal™ devices for the study. The study was supported by The Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Lardner, D.R.R., Cox, R.G., Ewen, A. et al. Comparison of laryngeal mask airway (LMA)-Proseal™ and the LMA-Classic™ in ventilated children receiving neuromuscular blockade. Can J Anaesth 55, 29–35 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03017594
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03017594