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Larval shells of Late Palaeozoic naticopsid gastropods (Neritopsoidea: Neritimorpha) with a discussion of the early neritimorph evolution

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Abstract

Extant neritimorphs with planktotrophic larval development have a convolute smooth larval shell which is internally resorbed. The oldest known larval shells of this type are of Triassic age. Well-preserved Late Palaeozoic neritimorph specimens have larval shells of two or more rapidly increasing well separated whorls. These larval shells resemble planktotrophic caenogastropod larval shells. This type of larval shell is possibly plesiomorphic in neritimorphs and caenogastropods. Permian/Pennsylvanian neritimorphs (Naticopsis, Trachyspird) have smooth larval shells (Naticopsidae) or larval shells with strong axial ribs (Trachyspiridae new family). The convolute low-spired round shell shape of modern neritimorphs is causally linked with the resorption of the inner teleoconch and protoconch whorls. Modern neritimorph shells with a uniform, undifferentiated inner lumen have probably evolved from naticopsid ancestors which lack resorption. It is possible that an elevated spire, deep sutures and protruding spiral larval shells would have made such internally undifferentiated shells more vulnerable for mechanical destruction and prédation. Suggestions that coiling evolved independently in neritimorphs and other Gastropoda are unlikely and contrast with the fossil record. The modern neritid larval shell has probably evolved from relatively low-spired smooth naticopsid larval shells like those reported here.

Kurzfassung

Heutige Neritimorpha mit planktotropher Larvalentwicklung besitzen eine konvolute, glatte Larvalschale, deren Windungen innen resorbiert sind. Die ältesten bekannten Larvalschalen dieses Typs sind triassischen Alters. Gut erhaltene spätpaläozoische neritimorphe Gastropoden besitzen Larvalschalen mit zwei oder mehr wohl separierten, schnell zunehmenden Windungen. Diese Larvalschalen gleichen planktotrophen Larvalschalen von Caenogastropoden. Dieser Larvalschalentyp ist möglicherweise bei Neritimorpha und Caenogastropoda plesiomorph. Permische und oberkarbonische Neritimorphe (Naticopsis, Trachyspird) haben glatte Larvalschalen (Naticopsidae) oder Larvalschalen mit starken Axialrippen (Trachyspiridae, neue Familie). Die stark kon volute niedrig gewundene, runde Schalengestalt der modernen Neritimorphen entwickelte sich zusammen mit der Resorbierung der Innenwindung des Teleoconchs und Protoconchs bzw. Beides bedingte einander. Die moderne Neritimorphenschale mit einem einheitlichen, undifferenzierten Innenraum lässt sich von einem naticopsiden Vorfahren herleiten, der noch nicht resorbiert war. Eine herausgehobene Spira, tiefe Suturen sowie eine gewundene herausragende Larvalschale hätten eine intern resorbierte Schale vermutlich anfällig für mechanische Verletzung und Angriffe von Räubern gemacht. Die Annahme, die Aufwindung habe sich bei Neritimorphen unabhängig von anderen Schnecken entwickelt ist unwahrscheinlich und steht im Widerspruch zum Fossilbericht. Die Larvalschale der modernen Neritiden entwickelte sich vermutlich aus einer glatten, niedrig gewundenen Larvalschale, wie sie hier bei karbonischen Naticopsiden dokumentiert wird.

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  1. Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard Wagner Strasse 10, 80333, München, Germany

    Alexander Nützel

  2. Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3/131, 118 21, Prague 1, Czech Republic

    Jirí Fŕyda

  3. Department of Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, 77843-3115, College Station, Texas, USA

    Thomas E. Yancey

  4. Science Department, Georgia Perimeter College, 2101 Womack Road, 30338, Dunwoody, GA, USA

    John R. Anderson

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Nützel, A., Fŕyda, J., Yancey, T.E. et al. Larval shells of Late Palaeozoic naticopsid gastropods (Neritopsoidea: Neritimorpha) with a discussion of the early neritimorph evolution. Paläontol Z 81, 213–228 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02990173

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