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Raphidiodea aus dem Lias und die Phylogenie der Kamelhalsfliegen (Insecta: Holometabola)

Liassic raphidiodea and the phylogeny of the snake-flies (insecta, holometabola)

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Abstract

The Liassic raphidiansPriscaenigma obtusa Whalley 1985 andHondelagia reticulata Bode 1953 are redescribed.Metaraphidia vahldieki n. sp. from the Liassic of Lower Saxony (Germany) is the fourth snake-fly hitherto known from the European Jurassic. The new generaLugala (type species:Baissoptera longissima Ponomarenko 1988),Cretoraphidia (type species:Cretinocellia bontsaganensis Ponomarenko 1988),Kezuoraphidia (type species:Xuraphidia kezuoensis Hong 1992),Austroraphidia (type species:Raphidia brasiliensis Nel et al. 1990),Pararapbidia (type species:Alloraphidia deserta Ponomarenko 1988) andPhiradia (type species:Mesoraphidia pterostigmalis Martynova 1947) are introduced. The phylogenetic relationships among the Raphidiodea are determined based on the analysis of the wing-morphology. Due to uncertainties concerning the character states of similarities shared byPriscaenigma andHondelagia (symplesiomorphy vs. synapomorphy) and of similarities shared by younger snake-flies (synapomorphies vs. homoplasies) several possible relationship schemes are discussed. Most likely,Priscaenigma is the adelphotaxon of all remaining Raphidiodea. Of these,Hondelagia is the sistergroup of the Raphidiomorpha, which compriseBaissoptera + Lugala + Cretoraphidia +Austroraphidia + Cretinocellia + Kezuoraphidia + Proraphidia + Xuraphidia + Metaraphidia +Alloraphidia +Phiradia + Mesoraphidia + Pararapbidia + Inocelliidae + Raphidiidae as well asArcheraphidia, Sinoraphidia andArariperaphidia, the exact position of which remains unknown. Alternatively,Priscaenigma + Hondelagia ire regarded as the sistergroup of the Raphidiomorpha. A third possibility of the relationships among the younger snake-flies is presented as well.Mesoraphidia may not be monophyletic, as no autapomorphies are known except in a few of its species. Synapomorphies shared by the twoMetaraphidia species are not known. The interpretation of the wing-venation of Recent Raphidiodea is revised.

Kurzfassung

In Verbindung mit Neubeschreibungen vonPriscaenigma (Lias von England) undHondelagia (Lias von Norddeutschland) und der Beschreibung vonMetaraphidia vahldieki n. sp. (Lias von Schandelah/Niedersachsen) werden die phylogenetischen Beziehungen innerhalb der Raphidiodea erortert. Zugleich werden die neuen GattungenLugula (Typusart:Baissoptera longissima Ponomarenko 1988),Cretoraphidia (Typusart:Cretinocellia bontsaganensis Ponomarenko 1988),Kezuoraphidia (Typusart:Xuraphidia kezuoensis Hong 1992),Austroraphidia (Typusart:Raphidia brasiliensis Nel et al. 1990),Pararapbidia (Typusart:Alloraphidia deserta Ponomarenko 1988) undPhiradia (Typusart:Mesoraphidia pterostigmalis Martynova 1947) eingeführt. Nach der Analyse der Flugelmorphologie istPriscaenigma wahrscheinlich das Adelphotaxon aller übrigen Raphidien. Von diesen istHondelagia das Schwestertaxon der Raphidiomorpha (=Baissoptera +Lugala +Cretoraphidia + Austroraphidia + Cretinocellia + Kezuoraphidia +Proraphidia + Xuraphidia +Metaraphidia + Alloraphidia + Phiradia + Mesoraphidia +Pararapbidia + Inocelliidae + Raphidiidae sowieArcheraphidia, Sinoraphidia undArariperaphidia, deren genaue phylogenetische Stellung nicht bekannt ist). Da furMesoraphidia und

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  1. Zoologisches Institut und Museum der Universität, Berliner Straße 28, D-37073, Göttingen

    Rainer Willmann

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Willmann, R. Raphidiodea aus dem Lias und die Phylogenie der Kamelhalsfliegen (Insecta: Holometabola). Paläont. Z. 68, 167–197 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02989439

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