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The scleractinian genusHydnophora (revision of Tertiary species)

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Kurzfassung

Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt eine Revision tertiärer Arten der riffbildenden Korallen-GattungHydnophora dar. Die diagnostischen Hauptmerkmale von verschiedenen tertiären Gattungen, die gewöhnlich mitHydnophora verwechselt wurden (Leptoria, Monticulastraea, Staminocoenia, Michelottiphyllia undAngeliphyllia), werden definiert und miteinander verglichen. Mit Ausnahme vonLeptoria werden alle übrigen Gattungen als Synonyme vonHydnophora angesehen.

Die 45 tertiären Arten, die bislangHydnophora oder synonymen Gattungen zugeordnet worden waren, werden revidiert und entsprechendes Typ-Material untersucht. Außerdem wurde zusätzliches Material aus dem Oligozän Italiens sowie aus dem Miozän von Somalia und Pakistan herangezogen, um eine Abgrenzung der einzelnen Arten (speziell im mediterranen Tertiär) zu ermöglichen.

Aufgrund dieser Untersuchung können nur 21 tertiäre Arten aufrecht erhalten werden. Hinsichtlich der Verbreitung der Gattung, die innerhalb des Tertiärs im oberen Paläozän einsetzt, ist eine deutliche Zunahme von Arten vom Paläozän zum Miozän zu verzeichnen. Das Einsetzen neuer Arten konzentriert sich hauptsächlich auf zwei Zeiträume: das Chatt im Mediterrangebiet und das Burdigal im Bereich der östlichen Tethys. Im mediterranen Raum entwickelte sichHydnophora mit insgesamt fünf Arten nur im Chatt. Sowohl im karibischen Raum wie auch im westlich-zentralen mediterranen Gebiet starb die Gattung am Ende des Oligozäns aus und entwickelte sich anschließend während des Miozäns in der östlichen Tethys.

Für die einzige paläozäne Art wird ein neuer Name eingeführt:Hydnophora gregoryi.

Abstract

This report presents a systematic revision of the Tertiary species of the common reef-building coralHydnophora. Major diagnostic characters of the various Tertiary genera that have been commonly confused withHydnophora (Leptoria,Monticulastraea, Staminocoenia, Michelottiphyllia andAngeliphyllia) are defined and subsequently compared in order to establish differences and synonymies. With the exception ofLeptoria, all other genera are considered synonyms ofHydnophora.

The forty-five Tertiary species ascribed toHydnophora, or to synonymous genera, have been revised and type material analyzed. Collected material from Oligocene Italian localities and Miocene localities from Somalia and Pakistan has been also analyzed in order to provide a consistent taxonomy for distinguishing species within the genus, especially for the Mediterranean Tertiary.

According to this report, of the forty-five species ofHydnophora previously described, only twenty-one appear to be distinct. The Tertiary distribution of the genus, which started in the Late Paleocene, clearly shows that species richness increased significantly from Paleocene to Miocene. Originations of species were mostly concentrated during two time intervals, respectively the Chattian for the Mediterranean and the Burdigalian for Eastern Tethys. As regards the Mediterranean, the genus developed only during Chattian time with five fully described species. The genus became extinct in both Caribbean and western-central Mediterranean regions at the end of the Oligocene and subsequently developed in eastern Tethys regions during the Miocene.

A new name is proposed for the only Paleocene species:Hydnophora gregoryi.

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  1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Modena, via Università 4, I-41100, Modena, Italy

    Francesca R. Bosellini

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Bosellini, F.R. The scleractinian genusHydnophora (revision of Tertiary species). Paläontol Z 73, 217–240 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02988036

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