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Effect of propagule type and growing environment on antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in potato germplasm

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Abstract

Wild potato species are maintained primarily as botanical seed populations, so tuber trait studies require conversion of germplasm to tuber form. Such tubers may be obtained from seedlings produced directly from botanical seed or from plants grown from tuber propagules (tuberlings). Since most wild species require short days for tuberization, it is not possible to generate field tubers of these species in most USA locations. Historically, tubers for research evaluations have been generated in the artificial conditions of the winter greenhouse. Since the potato crop is normally grown from tubers produced from tuberlings grown in the field, it is important to know how much results differ when evaluating tubers that were produced from seedlings grown in the greenhouse. We compared antioxidant activity and phenolic content of tubers generated in the greenhouse at Sturgeon Bay, WI, from seedlings, and tubers generated from both seedlings and tuberlings in the field at the Kula Experiment Station, Kula, Maui, HI. A ‘mini-core’ set of 75 PIs representing 25 wild and primitive cultivated species was used. Differences in means of propagule types and growing environments were significant but not large. Average amount of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of tubers from field-grown seedlings was higher than that of tubers from tuberlings. These values were also higher in field-grown tubers than in greenhouse-grown tubers. Relative performance was similar regardless of environment or propagule type, with some important exceptions. Tubers of Solarium pinnatisectum and Solanum jamesii were high regardless of treatment. In contrast, tubers of certain Solanum microdontum, canasense, stenotomum and commersonii (species much more amenable to breeding) exhibited high antioxidant levels when produced in the field from tuberlings, but not when produced from greenhouse-grown seedlings. Thus, some germplasm may not exhibit useful antioxidant potential when tubers are produced in artificial greenhouse conditions.

Resumen

Las especies de papa silvestre se mantienen principalmente como poblaciones de semilla botánica, de tal manera que los estudios de las características requieren la conversión del germoplasma a la forma de tubérculo. Dichos tubérculos se pueden obtener directamente de semilla botánica o de plantas provenientes de tuberculillos. Desde que la mayoría de especies silvestres requieren de días cortos para tuberizar, no es posible generar tubérculos de estas especies en la mayoría de lugares de EUA. Históricamente, los tubérculos para evaluaciones de investigación se han generado en condiciones artificiales de invernadero de invierno. Dado que el cultivo proviene de tubérculos producidos de tuberculillos crecidos en el campo, es importante saber cuanto difieren los resultados cuando se evalúan tubérculos producidos de plántulas crecidas en el invernadero. Hemos comparado la actividad antioxidante y el contenido fenólico de los tubérculos generados en el invernadero de Sturgeon Bay, WI, de plántulas y tuberculillos generados de plántulas y tuberculillos en el campo de la Estación Experimental Kula, Kula, Maui, HI. Se usó un conjunto ′mini-core′ de 75 PIs que representan 25 especies silvestres y cultivadas primitivas. Las diferencias en el promedio de tipos de propágulos y ambientes de crecimiento fueron significativas pero no amplias. La cantidad promedio de actividad antioxidante y contenido fenólico de las plántulas crecidas en el campo fue más alta que la de tubérculos provenientes de tuberculillos. El contenido de los tubérculos crecidos en el campo fue también más alto que el de los tubérculos formados en el invernadero. El comportamiento relativo fue similar sin tomar en cuenta el tipo de ambiente o de propágulos con algunas excepciones importantes. Los tubérculos de Solarium pinnatisectum y Solanum jamesii fueron altos sin tomar en cuenta el tratamiento. Al contrario, los tubérculos de ciertos Solanum macrodontum, canasense, stenotomium y commersoni (especies más dóciles al mejoramiento), exhibieron altos niveles de antioxidante cuando provinieron de tuberculillos pero no cuando se produjeron de plántulas crecidas en el invernadero. Así, algún germoplasma puede no exhibir su potencial antioxidante cuando los tubérculos son producidos es condiciones artificiales de invernadero.

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Abbreviations

PI:

Plant introduction a population unit of germplasm

AOA:

Antioxidant activity measured as ug µf trolox equivalents per gram tuber fresh weight

PHEN:

Phenolic content measured as ug chlorogenic acid equivalents per gram tuber fresh weight

HFS:

tubers generated from Hawaii field seedlings

HFT:

tubers generated from Hawaii field tuberlings

WGS:

tubers generated from Wisconsin greenhouse seedlings

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Correspondence to J. Creighton Miller.

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Nzaramba, M.N., Bamberg, J.B. & Miller, J.C. Effect of propagule type and growing environment on antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in potato germplasm. Amer J of Potato Res 84, 323–330 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986244

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02986244

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