Abstract
The increasing development of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics has reached alarming levels, thus creating a strong need to develop new antimicrobial agents. These new antibiotics should possess novel mechanisms of action and different cellular targets compared with existing antimicrobials. Recent discoveries and isolations of so-called animal antibiotics, mostly small cationic peptides, which represent a potent branch of natural immunity, offered the possibility to acquire new and effective antibiotics of this provenance. To this date, more than 500 antibiotic peptides have been distinguished and defined. Their antimicrobial properties present new opportunities for their use as antibiotics or for construction of their more effective derivatives, but much research is still required to pave the way to their practical use. This is a survey of substances forming an armamentarium of natural immunity of mammals.
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Abbreviations
- α-MSH:
-
α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone
- ACTH:
-
adrenocorticotropic hormone
- Bac 5, Bac 7:
-
bactenectins
- BMAP-28:
-
bovine myeloid antibacterial protein
- BNBD:
-
bovine β-defensin
- BPI:
-
bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein
- CAP37:
-
cationic antimicrobial protein (azurocidin, serprocidin, HBP)
- CLCP:
-
chymotrypsin-like cationic protein
- ECP:
-
eosinophil cationic protein
- EDN:
-
eosinophil-derived neurotoxin
- GALT:
-
gut-associated lymphoid tissue
- HBD-1:
-
human β-defensin
- HBP:
-
heparin-binding protein
- HCMV:
-
human cytomegalovirus
- HD-5, HD-6:
-
human α-defensins
- hMBP-1:
-
human major basic protein-1
- HNP:
-
human α-defensins
- IL-1β:
-
interleukin 1β
- LAP:
-
lingual antimicrobial peptide
- LBP:
-
lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
- LL-37:
-
lysine-rich linear peptide
- LPS:
-
lipopolysaccharide
- MAC:
-
membrane attacking complex
- NF-κB:
-
nuclear factor κB
- NP-1, -2, -3a, -3b, -4, -5:
-
rabbit neutrophil α-defensins
- PG-1, -2, -3:
-
protegrins
- PLA2 :
-
phospholipases A2
- PMAP-23, -36, -37:
-
pig mycloid antibacterial peptides
- PMN:
-
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- PMP:
-
platelet microbicidal protein
- PR-39:
-
proline/arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide
- RL-37:
-
rhesus monkey cathelicidin
- RTD:
-
defensin-related precursors
- SLPI:
-
secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor
- TAP:
-
tracheal antimicrobial peptide
- TNF-α:
-
tumor necrosis factor α
- tPMP:
-
thrombin-activated platelet microbicidal protein
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The work associated with the topic of this review was supported by theGrant Agency of the Czech Republic (grants 524/01/0917 and 301/02/1232), by theGrant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (grant S 502 0202) and by theInstitutional Research Concept AV 0Z 502 0903.
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Šíma, P., Trebichavský, I. & Sigler, K. Mammalian antibiotic peptides. Folia Microbiol 48, 123–137 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02930945
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02930945