Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Complement biosynthesis by mononuclear phagocytes

  • The Year in Complement
  • Published:
Immunologic Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mononuclear phagocytes are an important in vivo source of a wide range of complement components. They are able to rapidly up-regulate or down-regulate complement synthesis in response to many different pharmacological and biological stimuli. This ability is likely to make a significant contribution to maintaining host defences particularly in peripheral tissues. The important role of molecular biology in the study of complement biosynthesis by mononuclear phagocytes will be emphasised.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Whaley K (ed): Complement in Health and Disease. Lancaster, MTP Press, 1987, pp 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Müller-Eberhard HJ: Molecular organisation and function of the complement system. Annu Rev Biochem 1988;57:321–360.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Cole JL, Housely GA, Dykman TR, MacDermott RP, Atkinson JP: Identification of an additional class of C3 binding membrane proteins of human peripheral blood leukocytes and cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985;82:859–863.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Nicholson-Weller A, March JP, Rosen CE, Spicer DB, Austen KF: Surface membrane expression by human blood leukocytes and platelets of decay accelerating factor, a regulatory protein of the complement system. Blood 1985;65:1237–1244.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ross GD, Medof HE: Membrane complement receptors specific for bound fragments of C3. Adv Immunol 1985;37:217–267.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Seya T, Ballard LL, Bora NS, Kumar BV, Cul W, Atkinson JP: Distribution of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement on human peripheral blood cells. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:1289–1294.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Alper CA, Johnson AM, Birch AG, Moore FD: Human C3: Evidence of the liver as a primary site of synthesis. Science 1969;163:286–288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Colten HR: biosynthesis of complement. Adv Immunol 1976;22:67–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Anthony R, El-Omar E, Lappin DF, MacSween RNM, Whaley K: Regulation of hepatic synthesis of C3 and C4 during acute-phase response in the rat. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:1405–1412.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ramadori G, Van Daume J, Rieder H, Mayer Zum Buschenfelde KH: Interleukin-6, the third mediator of acute phase reaction, modulates hepatic protein synthesis in human and mouse: Comparison with inter-leukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α. Eur J Immunol 1988;18:1259–1264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Miura N, Prentice HL, Scheider PM, Perlmutter DH: Synthesis and regulation of the two human complement C4 genes in stable transfected mouse fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 1987;262:7298–7305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Andus T, Heinrich PC, Bauer J, Trau-Thi TA, Decker K, Manuel D, Northoff H: Discrimination of hepatocyte-stimulating activity from human recombinant tumour necrosis factor α. Eur J Immunol 1989;17:1193–1197.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Cole FS, Colten HR: Complement biosynthesis; in Rother K, Till GO (eds), The Complement System. Berlin, Springer, 1988, pp 44–70.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Morris KM, Colten HR, Bing DH: The first component of complement (C1): A quantitative comparison of its biosynthesis in culture by human epithelial and mesenchymal cells. J Exp Med 1978;148:1007–1019.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cook KS, Min HY, Johnson D, Chaplinsky RJ, Frier JS, Hunt CR, Spiegelman BM: Adipsin: A circulating serine protease homologue secreted by adipose tissue and sciatic nerve. Science 1987;237:402–408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ruddy S, Colten HR: Rheumatoid arthritis: Biosynthesis of complement proteins by synovial tissues. N Engl J Med 1974;290:1284–1288.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Moffat GJ, Lappin D, Birnie GD, Whaley K: Complement biosynthesis in human synovial tissue. Clin Exp Immunol 1989;78:54–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Rapp HJ, Borsos T: Molecular Basis of Complement Action. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Whaley K (ed): Methods in Complement for Clinical Immunologist. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1985, pp 77–139.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lappin DF, Hamilton AO, Morrison L, Aref M, Whaley K: Synthesis of complement (C3, C2, B and C1-inhibitor) and lysozyme by human monocytes and marophages. J Clin Lab Immunol 1986;20:101–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Morrison L, Hamilton A, Anthony R, Lappin DF, Whaley K: Adaptation of enzyme labelled immunoassay (ELISA) for measurement of biosynthesis of human and rat complement components; in Pal SB (ed): Reviews on Immunoassay Technology. London, Macmillan, 1988, pp 147–163.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Whaley K: Biosynthesis of the complement components and the regulatory proteins of the alternative complement pathway by human peripheral blood monocytes. J Exp Med 1980;151:501–516.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lappin D, Moseley HL, Whaley K: Effects of histamine on monocyte complement protein production. II. Modulation of protein secretion, degradation and synthesis. Clin Exp Immunol 1980;42:515–522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Littleton C, Kessler D, Burkholder PM: Cellular basis for synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement as determined by a haemolytic plaque technique. Immunology 1970;18:693–704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Greenberg ME, Ziff EB: Stimulation of 3T3 cells induces transcription of the C-fos-proto-oncogene. Nature 1984;311:433–435.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Winter H, Schweizer J: Keratin synthesis in normal mouse epithelia and in squamous cell carcinomas: Evidence in tumours for marked mRNA species coding for high molecular weight keratin polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:6480–6486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Interferon-induced transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of factor H and C4 binding protein synthesis in human monocytes. Biochem J 1990;271:767–772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Einstein LP, Schneeberger LL, Colten HR: Synthesis of the second component of complement by long term primary culture of human monocytes. J Exp Med 1976;143:114–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bensa JC, Reboul A, Colomb MG: Biosynthesis in vitro of complement subcomponents C1q, C1s and C1-inhibitor by resting and stimulated tumour monocytes. Biochem J 1983;216:385–392.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Yeung-Laiwah AC, Jones L, Hamilton AO, Whaley K: Complement subcomponent C1-inhibitor synthesis by human monocytes. Biochem J 1985;226:199–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ooi YM, Colten HR: Biosynthesis and post-synthetic modification of a precursor (pro-C5) of the fifth component of mouse complement (C5). J Immunol 1979;123:2494–2498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hetland G, Johnson E, Aasebo U: Human alveolar macrophages synthesis the functional alternative pathway of complement and active C5 and C9 in vitro. Scand J Immunol 1986;24:603–608.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sellar GC, Blake DJ, Reid KBM: Characterisation and organsation of the genes encoding the A- B- and C-chains of human complement subcomponent C1q: The complete derived amino acid sequence of human C1q. Biochem J 1990;274:481–490.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Tosi MC, Duponchel C, Meo T, Julier C: Complete cDNA sequence of human complement C1s and close physical linkage of the homlogous genes C1s and C1r. Biochemistry 1987;26:8516–8524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kusimoto H, Hirosawa S, Salier JP, Hagen FS, Kirachi K: Human genes for complement components C1r and C1s in a close tail to tail arrangement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:7307–7311.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Reid KBM: Molecular cloning and characterisation of the complementary DNA and gene coding for the B-chain of subcomponent C1q of the human complement system. Biochem J 1985;231:729–735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Loos M: Biosynthesis of the coilagen-like C1q molecule and its receptor function for Fc and polyanionic molecules on macrophages. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1983;102:1–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Muller W, Hanauske-Abel H, Loos M: Biosynthesis of the first compoment of complement by human and guinea pig peritoneal macrophages: Evidence for independent production of the C1 subunits. J Immunol 1978;121:1578–1582.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Martin H, Loos M: Guinea pig macrophages synthesise a low molecular weight form of C1q with affinity for the C1r2 C1s2-complex, but which does not bind to Fc in immunoglobulin aggregates. Mol Immunol 1988; 25:1231–1237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR: A molecular map of the human MHC complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. Nature 1984; 307:237–241.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Durham I, Sergent GA, Dawkins RL, Campbell RD: Direct observation of the gene organisation of the complement C4 and 21-hydroxylase loci by pulse field electrophoresis. J Exp Med 1989;169:1803–1818.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Belt KT, Carroll MC, Porter RR: The structural basis of the multiple forms of human complement component C4. Cell 1984;36:907–914.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Schneider PM, Carroll MC, Alper CA, Rittner C, Whitehead AS, Yunis EJ, Colten HR: Polymorphism of the human complement C4 and steroid 21-hydroxylase genes: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms revealing structural deletions, homoduplications and size variants. J Clin Invest 1986;78:650–657.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Yu CY, Belt KT, Giles CM, Campbell RD, Porter RR: Structural basis of the polymorphism of human complement components C4A and C4B, gene size, reactivity and antigenicity. EMBO J 1986;5:2873–2881.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kulics J, Colten HR, Perlmutter DH: Counter-regulatory effects of interferon γ and endotoxin on expression of the human C4 genes. J Clin Invest 1990;85:943–949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Matthews WJ, Marion JT, Goldberger G, Cash DJ, Colten HR: Feedback inhibition of the biosynthesis of the fourth component of complement (C4). Fed Proc 1979; 38:1011–1020.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Newell SL, Atkinson JP: Biosynthesis of C4 by mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Comparison of C4 synthesis by resident and elicited cell populations. J Immunol 1983;130:834–838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Whitehead AS, Goldberger G, Woods DE, Markham AF, Colten HR: Use of a cDNA clone for the fourth component of human complement for analysis of a genetic deficiency of C4 in the guinea pig. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:5387–5391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hall RE, Colten HR: Cell-free synthesis of the fourth component of guinea pig complement (C4): Identification of a precursor of serum C4 (pro-C4). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;74:1707–1710.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Goldberger G, Colten HR: Precursor complement protein (pro C4) is converted in vitro to native C4 by plasmin. Nature 1980;286:515–516.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Karp DR: Post-translational modification of the fourth component of complement: Effects of tunicamycin and amino acid analogs on the formation of the internal thiolester and disulphide bonds. J Biol Chem 1983;258:14490–14495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Fey G, Odink K, Chapius RM: Synthesis of the mouse complement component C4 (Ss-protein) by peritoneal macrophages: Kinetics of secretion and glycosylation of the subunits. Eur J Immunol 1980;10:75–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Morris KM, Aden DP, Knowles BB, Colten HR: Complement biosynthesis by the human hepatoma derived cell line Hep G2. J Clin Invest 1982; 70:906–913.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Littman BH, Ruddy S: Production of the second component of complement by human monocytes: Stimulation by antigen-activated lymphocytes or lymphokines. J Exp Med 1977;145:1344–1352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Alpert SE, Auerbach HS, Cole FS, Colten HR: Macrophage maturation: Differences in complement secretion by marrow monocytes and tissue macrophages detected with an improved haemolytic plaque assay. J Immunol 1983;130:102–107.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bentley DR, Porter RR: Isolation of cDNA clones for human complement component C2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:1212–1215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Lappin DF, Birnie GD, Whaley K: Modulation by interferons of the expression of monocyte complement genes. Biochem J 1990;208:387–392.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Horiuchi T, Mauri KJ, Kidd VJ, Volanakis JE: Translational regulation of complement protein C2 expression by differential utilisation of the 5′ untranslated region of mRNA. J Biol Chem 1990;265:6521–6524.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ishikawa N, Nonaka N, Wetsel RA, Colten HR: Murine complement C2 and factor B genomic and cDNA cloning reveals different mechanisms for multiple transcripts of C2. J Biol Chem 1990;265:19040–19046.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Modulation of monocyte complement synthesis by lymphocytes and lymphocyte conditioned media. Clin Exp Immunol 1989;76:86–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Einstein LP, Hansen PJ, Ballow M, Davis AE, Davis JS, Alper KA, Rosen FS, Colten HR: Biosynthesis of the third component of complement (C3) in vitro by monocytes from both normal and homozygous C3 deficient humans. J Clin Invest 1977;60:963–969.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Goodrum KJ: Complement component C3 secretion by mouse macrophage-like cell lines. J Leukocyte Biol 1981;41:295–301.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Whitehead AS, Solomon E, Chambers S, Bodiner WF, Povey S, Fey G: Assignment of the structural gene for the third component of human complement to chromosome 19. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:5021–5025.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Morris KM, Goldberger G, Colten HR, Aden DP, Knowles BB: Biosynthesis and processing of a human precursor complement protein pro-C3 in a hepatoma derived cell line. Science 1982;215:399–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. McPhaden AR, Hamilton AO, Lappin DF, Whaley K: Synthesis and secretion of complement components by mononuclear phagocytes; in Dean R, Jessup D (eds): Mononuclear Phagocytes: Physiology and Pathology. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1985, pp 139–159.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Campbell RD, Law SKA, Reid KBM, Sim RB: Structure organisation and regulation of the complement genes. Annu Rev Immunol 1988;6:161–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Barnum SR, Volanakis JE: In vitro biosynthesis of complement protein D by U937 cells. J Immunol 1985; 134:1799–1803.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Lappin DF, Whaley K: The role of ion channels and protein kinase C activation in the stimulation of complement protein synthesis. J Clin Lab Immunol 1987;24:57–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Farries TC, Atkinson JP: Biosynthesis of properdin. J Immunol 1989; 142:842–847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Goundis D, Reid KBM: Biosynthesis of complement proteins by the U937 cell line. Biochem Soc Trans 1987;15:650–651.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Goundis D, Holt S, Boyd DY, Reid KBM: Localisation of properdin structural locus to Xp11.23–Xp21.1. Genemics 1989;5:56–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Warnick PR, Densen P: Reduced C8β-messenger RNA expression in families with hereditary C8β deficiency. J Immunol 1991;146:1052–1056.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ng SC, Rao AG, Howard OMZ, Sodetz JM: The eighth component of human complement: Evidence that it is an oligomeric serum protein assembled from products of three different genes. Biochemistry 1987;26:5229–5233.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Kaufman KM, Snider JV, Spur NK, Schwartz CE, Sodetz JM: Chromosomal assignment of genes encoding the α, β and γ subunits of human complement protein C8: Identification of a close physical linkage between the α and β loci. Genomics 1989;5:475–480.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Thériault A, Boyd E, Whaley K, Sodetz JM, Connor JM: Regional chromosomal assignment of genes encoding the α and β subunits of human C8 to 1p32. Hum Genet 1992;88:703–704.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Ng SC, Sodetz JM: Biosynthesis of C8 by hepatocytes: Differential expression and intracellular association of the α, γ and β subunits. J Immunol 1987;139:3021–3027.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Johnson E, Hetland G: Mononuclear phagocytes have the potential to synthesise the complete functional complement system. Scand J Immunol 1988;27:489–493.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Colten HR: Ontogeny of the human complement system: In vitro biosynthesis of individual complement components by fetal tissue. J Clin Invest 1972;51:725–730.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Reed W, Roubey RAS, Dalzell JG, Matteucci BM, Myones BL, Hunt SW, Kolb WP, Ross GD: Synthesis of complement component C5 by human B and T lymphoblastoid cell lines. Immunogenetics 1990;31:145–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Wetsel RA, Lemons RS, Le Beau MM, Barnum SR, Noack D, Tack BF: Molecular analysis of human complement components C5: Localisation of the structural gene to chromosome 9. Biochemistry 1988;27:1474–1482.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. D'Eustachio P, Kristensen T, Wetsel RA, Riblet R, Taylor BA, Tack BF: Chromosomal location of the genes encoding complement components C5 and factor H in the mouse. J Immunol 1986;137:3990–3995.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Haefliger JA, Tschopp J, Vial N, Jenne DE: Complete primary structure and functional characterisation of the sixth component of the human complement system. J Biol Chem 1989;264:18041–18051.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Di Scipio RG, Chakravarti DN, Müller-Eberhard HJ, Fey GH: The structure of human complement components C7 and C5b-7 complex. J Biol Chem 1988;203:549–560.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Howard OZM, Rio AG, Sodetz JM: Complementary DNA and derived amino acid sequence of the β-subunit of C8: Identification of a close structural and ancestral relationship to the α-subunit and C9. Biochemistry 1987;26:3565–3570.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Jeremiah ST, Abbott CM, Murad Z, Povey S, Thomas HJ, Solomon E, Di Scipio RG, Fey GH: The assignment of the genes coding for human complement components C6 and C7 to chromosome 5. Ann Hum Genet 1990;54:141–147.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Rogne S, Myklebosk O, Stanley K, Van Kessel AG: The gene for human complement C9 is on chromosome 5. Genomics 1989;5:149–152.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. De Ceulaer C, Papazoglou S, Whaley K: Increased biosynthesis of complement components by cultured monocytes, synovial fluid macrophages and synovial membrane cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology 1980; 41:37–43.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Bock SC, Skriver K, Nelson E, Thorgersen HC, Wiman B, Donaldson VH, Eddy RL, Marrinan J, Radziejeuska E, Huber R, Shows TB, Magnusson S: Human C1-inhibitor: Primary structure, cDNA cloning and chromosomal localisation. Biochemistry 1986;25:4289–4301.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Thériault A, Whaley K, McPhaden AR, Boyd E, Connor JM: Regional assignment of the human C1-inhibitor gene to 11q11–q13.1. Hum Genet 1990;84:477–479.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Lappin DF, Birnie GD, Whaley K: Interferon mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of complement gene expression in human monocytes. Eur J Biochem 1990;194:177–184.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Prandini MH, Reboul A, Colomb MG: Biosynthesis of complement C1-inhibitor by Hep G2 cells, reactivity of different glycosylated forms of the inhibitor with C1s. Biochem J 1986;237:92–98.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Cheung LP, Bentley DR, Reid KBM: Molecular cloning and characterisation of the cDNA coding for C4b binding protein. Biochem J 1985;230:133–141.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Hilarp A, Dahlback B: Cloning of cDNA clones for the β chain of human complement component C4 binding protein: Sequence homology with the α chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:1183–1187.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Reid KBM, Bentley DR, Campbell RD, Cheng LP, Sim RB, Kristensen T, Tack BF: Complement system proteins which interact with C3b or C4b: A superfamily of structurally related genes. Immunol Today 1986;7:230–233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Kristensen T, D'Eustachio P, Ogata RT, Chung LP, Reid KBM, Tack BF: The superfamily of C3b/C4b binding proteins. Fed Proc Am Soc Exp Biol 1987;46:2463–2469.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Hing S, Day AJ, Linton SJ, Ripoche J, Sim RB, Reid KBM, Solomon E: Assignment of complement components C4 binding protein (C4bp) and factor H (H) to human chromosome 1q using cDNA probes. Ann Hum Genet 1988;52:117–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Perdo-Mannel F, Rey-Campos J, Hilarp A, Dahlback B, Rodriguez de Cordoba S: Human genes for the α and β chains of complement C4-binding protein are closely linked in a head to tail arrangement. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:4529–4532.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Lappin DF, Guc D, Hill A, McShane T, Whaley K: Effect of interferon γ on complement gene expression in different cell types. Biochem J 1992;281:437–442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Katz Y, Strunk RC: Synthesis and regulation of complement protein factor H in human fibroblasts. J Immunol 1988;141:559–563.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ripoche J, Mitchell A, Erdei A, Madin C, Moffatt B, Mokoena T, Gordon S, Sim RB: Interferon-γ induces synthesis of complement alternative pathway proteins by human endothelial cells in culture. J Exp Med 1988;168:1917–1922.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Schwaeble W, Zwirner J, Shulz TF, Linke RPJ, Dierich MP, Weiss EH: Human complement factor H: Expression of additional truncated gene product of 43kDa in human liver. Eur J Immunol 1987;17:1485–1490.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Bentley C, Fries W, Brade V: Synthesis of factors D, B and P of the alternative pathway of complement activation, as well as of C3, by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Immunology 1978;35:971–980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Malhotra V, Sim RB: Expression of complement factor H on the cell surface of the human monocytic cell line U937. Eur J Immunol 1985;15:935–941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Goldberger G, Bruns GAP, Rits M, Edge MD, Kwiakowski DJ: Human complement factor I: Analysis of cDNA-derived primary structure and assignment of its gene to chromosome 4. Biochemistry 1987;262:10065–10071.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Shiang R, Murray JJ, Merlin CC, Buetow KA, Wagmuth JJ, Olney SAH, Singer WG, Goldberger GG: Mapping of the human complement factor I gene to 4q25. Genomics 1989;4:82–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Goldberger G, Arnaout MA, Aden D, Kay R, Rits M, Colte HR: Biosynthesis and postsynthetic processing of human C3b/C4b inactivator (factor I) in three hepatoma cell lines. J Biol Chem 1984;259:6492–6497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Zimmer B, Hartung HP, Schartenberger G, Bitter-Suermann D, Hadding U: Quantitative studies of the secretion of complement component C3 by resident, elicited and activated macrophages: Comparison with C2, C4 and lysosomal enzyme release. Eur J Immunol 1982;12:126–130.

    Google Scholar 

  108. McPhaden AR, Lappin D, Whaley K: Biosynthesis of complement components. J Clin Lab Immunol 1982;8:1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Lappin D, Whaley K: Cyclic AMP modulation of complement protein production. Int J Immunopharmacol 1981;4:415–422.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Lappin D, Whaley K: Regulation of C1-inhibitor synthesis by interferons and other agents. Behring Inst Mitt 1989;84:180–203.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Caron JM, Jones AL, Rall LB, Kirschner MW: Autoregulation of tubulin synthesis in enucleated cells. Nature 1985;317:648–651.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Effects of histamine on monocyte complement production. I. Inhibition of C2 production mediated by its action on H2 receptors. Clin Exp Immunol 1980;41:497–504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Lappin DF, Riches DWH, Damerau B, Whaley K: Cyclic nucleotides and their relationship to complement component C2 synthesis by human monocytes. Biochem J 1984;222:927–936.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Falus A, Meretey K: Effect of histamine on the gene expression and secretion of complement components 2, factor B and C3 in murine macrophages: Opposite signal processing via H1 and H2 receptors. Mol Immunol 1988;25:1093–1097.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Ooi YM, Colten HR: Histamine suppresses in vitro synthesis of precursor (pro-C5) of the fifth complement component (C5) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol 1982;129:200–205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Lappin D, Whaley K: Prostaglandin and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors regulate the synthesis of complement components by human monocytes. Clin Exp Immunol 1982;49:623–630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Humes JL, Bonney RJ, Delus L, Dahlgren ME, Sadowski SJ, Kenehl FA, Davies P: Macrophages synthesise and release prostaglandins in response to inflammatory stimuli. Nature 1977;269:149–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Takamura R, Werb Z: Secretory products of macrophages and their physiological function. Am J Physiol 1984;246:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Morrison L, Whaley K: Phagocytosis inhibits the production of C2 by human monocytes. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1983;71:271–275.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Cyclic AMP mediated modulation of the production of the second component of human complement by monocytes. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1981;65:85–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Adenosine A2 receptors on human monocytes modulate C2 production. Clin Exp Immunol 1984;55:454–460.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Lappin DF, Whaley K: Modulation of complement gene expression by glucocorticoids. Biochem. J 1991;280:117–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Littman BH, Hill RE, Muchmore AW: Lymphocyte and phorbol (PMA) regulation of complement (C2) synthesis using U937. Cell Immunol 1983;76:189–195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Whaley K, Lappin DF, Berkas T: C2 synthesis by human monocytes is modulated by the nicotinic cholinergic receptor. Nature 1981; 293:580–583.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Lappin D, Whaley K: Adrenergic receptors on monocytes modulate complement component synthesis. Clin Exp Immunol 1982;47:606–612.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Hamilton AO, Jones L, Morrison L, Whaley K: Modulation of monocyte complement synthesis by interferons. Biochem J 1987; 242:809–815.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Raziuddin A, Sarkar FH, Dutkowsky R, Shilman L, Ruddle FH, Gupta SL: Receptors for human α and β interferon but not for γ interferon are specified by human chromosome 21. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;8:5504–5508.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Rashibaigi A, Langer JA, Jung V, Jones C, Morse HG, Tischfield JA, Trill JJ, Kung HF, Pestka S: The gene for the human immune interferon receptor is located on chromosome 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986;83:384–388.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Langer JA, Pestka S: Interferon receptors. Immunol Today 1988;9:393–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Schindler C, Shuai K, Prezioso VR, Darnell JE: Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor. Science 1992;257:809–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Wu LC, Morley BJ, Campbell RD: Cell-specific expression of the human complement protein factor B gene: Evidence for the role of two distinct 5′ flanking elements. Cell 1987;48:331–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Dinarello CA: Interleukin 1. Rev Infect Dis 1984;6:51–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Gauldie J, Richards C, Hamish D, Lansdorp P, Baumann H: IFN-β2/BSF2 IL-6 is monocyte derived: HSF that regulates receptor-specific acute phase gene regulation in hepatocytes. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989;557:46–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Perlmutter DH, Colten HR, Adams SP, May LT, Sehgal PB, Fallon RJ: A cytokine-selective defect in interleukin-1β mediated acute phase gene expression in a subclone of the human hepatoma cell line (Hep G2). J Biol Chem 1989; 264:7669–7674.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Katz Y, Revel M, Strunk RC: Interleukin-6 stimulates synthesis of complement protein factor B and C3 in human skin fibroblasts. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:983–988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Littman BH, Dastvan FF, Carlson PL, Sanders KM: Regulation of monocyte macrophage C2 production and HLA-DR expression by IL-4 (BSF-1) and IFN-γ. J Immunol 1989;142:520–525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. McPhaden AR, Whaley K: Modulation of C2 biosynthesis by antigen-antibody complexes. J Clin Lab Immunol 1981;7:15–20.

    Google Scholar 

  138. McPhaden AR, Lappin DF, Whaley K: Enhancement of monocyte complement component synthesis by antigen-antibody complexes. Immunology 1981;44:193–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Young JD, Unkeless JC, Kaback HR, Cohn ZA: Macrophage-membrane potential changes associated with 2b11 Fc receptor-ligand binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982; 80:1357–1361.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Whaley K, Lappin DF, Hamilton AO: Serum treated antigen-antibody complexes inhibit the production of C2 and factor B by mononuclear phagocytes. Immunology 1983;48:255–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Hamilton AO, Kilpatrick WS, Morrison L, Lappin D, Hensa JC, Riches DWH, Whaley K: Role of C3 in the control of monocyte C2 production. Immunology 1984;51:169–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Miyama A, Kawamoto Y, Ichikawa H, Okamoto K, Hera S, Inoue T: Complement proteins and macrophages. II. The secretion of factor B by lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages. Microbiol Immunol 1980;24:1223–1232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Strunk RC, Whitehead AS, Cole FS: Pretranslational regulation of the synthesis of the third component of complement in human mononuclear phagocytes by the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide. J Clin Invest 1985;76:985–990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Lappin D, Damerau B, Whaley K: Anaphylatoxins inhibit C2 production. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 54:455–460.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Schwaeble W, Schweiger H, Brooimans RA, Barbieri A, Most J, Hirsch-Kaufmann M, Tiefenthaler M, Lappin DF, Daha MR, Whaley K, Dierich MP: Human complement factor H: Tissue specificity in the expression of three different mRNA species. Eur J Biochem 1991;198:399–404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular pathology, Texas Heart Institute, PO Box 20345, 77201, Houston, Tex., USA

    A. R. McPhaden & K. Whaley

  2. Department of Immunology, Leicester Roval Infirmary, Leicester, UK

    A. R. McPhaden & K. Whaley

Authors
  1. A. R. McPhaden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Whaley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

McPhaden, A.R., Whaley, K. Complement biosynthesis by mononuclear phagocytes. Immunol Res 12, 213–232 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918254

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02918254

Key Words

Search

Navigation