Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The role of floral anatomy in the solution of morphological problems

  • Published:
The Botanical Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literature Cited

  1. Abbe, E. C. 1935. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy and morphology. Bot. Gaz.97: 1–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. — 1938. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. II. Extremes in the range of variation of flower and inflorescence morphology. Bot. Gaz.99: 431–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. — andEarle, T. T. 1940. Inflorescence, floral anatomy and morphology ofLeitneria floridana. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club67: 173–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Abraham, P. 1934. Preliminary studies in the anatomy of the gynaeceum of cotton with reference to ball dehiscence. Proc. Assoc. Econ. Biol.2: 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Agarwal, V. C. 1951. Vascular anatomy of the flower of some species of the Asclepiadaceae. M.S. Thesis, Agra Univ.

  6. Anderson, E. andWinton, D. de. 1935. The genetics ofPrimula sinensis. IV. Indication as to the ontogenetic relationships of leaf and inflorescence. Ann. Bot.49: 671–688.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Allen C. K. 1933. A monograph of the American species of the genusHalenia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.20: 119–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Arber, A. 1913. On the structure of the androecium inParnassia. Ann. Bot.27: 491–510.

    Google Scholar 

  9. — 1915. The anatomy of the stamens in certain Indian species ofParnassia. Ann. Bot.29: 159–160.

    Google Scholar 

  10. — 1924. Leaves ofTriglochin. Bot. Gaz.77: 50–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. — 1926. Studies in the Gramineae. I. The flower of certain Bambuseae. Ann. Bot.40: 447–469.

    Google Scholar 

  12. — 1927. Studies in the Gramineae. III. Outgrowths of reproductive shoot and their bearing on the significance of lodicule and epiblast. Ann. Bot.41: 473–488.

    Google Scholar 

  13. — 1929. Studies in the Gramineae. VIII. On the organization of the flower in the bamboo. Ann. Bot.43: 765–781.

    Google Scholar 

  14. — 1931. Studies in floral morphology. I. On some structural features of the cruciferous flower. New Phyt.30: 11–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. — 1931. Studies in floral morphology. II. On some normal and abnormal crucifers: with a discussion on teratology. New Phyt.30: 172–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. — 1931. Studies in floral morphology. III. On the Fumarioideae with special reference to the androecium. New Phyt.30: 317–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. — 1932. Studies in floral morphology. IV. On the Hypecoideae with special reference to the androecium. New Phyt.31: 145–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. — 1932. Studies in flower structure. I. On a peloria ofDigitalis purpurea L. Ann. Bot.46: 929–939.

    Google Scholar 

  19. — 1933. Floral anatomy and its morphological interpretation. New Phyt.32: 231–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. — 1936. Studies in flower structure. II. On the vascular supply to the nectary inRanunculus. Ann. Bot.50: 305–319.

    Google Scholar 

  21. — 1937. Studies in flower structure. III. On the “corona” and androecium in certain Amaryllidaceae. Ann. Bot.1: 293–304.

    Google Scholar 

  22. — 1937. The interpretation of the flower: a study of some aspects of morphological thought. Biol. Rev.12: 157–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. — 1938. Studies in flower structure. IV. On the gynaeceum ofPapaver and related genera. Ann. Bot.2: 649–663.

    Google Scholar 

  24. — 1939. Studies in flower structure. V. On the interpretation of the petal and “corona” inLychnis. Ann. Bot.3: 337–346.

    Google Scholar 

  25. — 1940. Studies in flower structure. VI. On the residual vascular tissue in apices of reproductive shoots with special reference toLilaea andAmherstia. Ann. Bot.4: 617–627.

    Google Scholar 

  26. — 1942. Studies in floral structure. VII. On the gynaeceum ofReseda, with a consideration of paracarpy. Ann. Bot.6: 43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Arnal, C., 1947. Les calices à développement tardif: cas deSherardia arvensis. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)224: 1027–1029.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Artschwager, E. 1918. Anatomy of the potato plant, with special reference to the ontogeny of the vascular system. Jour. Agr. Res.14: 221–252.

    Google Scholar 

  29. — 1927. Development of flowers and seed in the sugar beet. Jour. Agr. Res.34: 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  30. —et al. 1929. Development of flower and seed of some varieties of sugar cane. Jour. Agr. Res.39: 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Bailey, I. W. andNast, C. G. 1943. The comparative morphology of the Winteraceae. I. Pollen and stamen. Jour. Arn. Arb.24: 340–346.

    Google Scholar 

  32. — and — 1943. The comparative morphology of the Winteraceae. II. Carpels. Jour. Arn. Arb.24: 472–481.

    Google Scholar 

  33. — and — 1945. The comparative morphology of the Winteraceae. VII. Summary and conclusions. Jour. Arn. Arb.26: 37–47.

    Google Scholar 

  34. —et al. 1943. The family Himantandraceae. Jour. Arn. Arb.24: 190–206.

    Google Scholar 

  35. — andSmith, A. C. 1942. Degeneriaceae, a new family of the flowering plants from Fiji. Jour. Arn. Arb.23: 356–366.

    Google Scholar 

  36. — andSwamy, B. G. L. 1949. The morphology and relationships ofAustrobaileya. Jour. Arn. Arb.30: 211–226.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Baillon, H. 1876. Traité du développement de la fleur et du fruit des Zingiberacées. Adansonia.

  38. — 1860. Mémoire sur le développement des fleurs à couronne. Adansonia1: 90–103.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Baker, D. G. 1932. The development and vascular anatomy of the flower ofVaccinium macrocarpum. Diss., Univ. Chicago.

  40. Bancroft, H. 1935. A review of researches concerning floral morphology. Bot. Rev.1: 77–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Bancroft, H. andDickson, J. 1932. Studies in floral anatomy. I. The nectary ofPelargonium.

  42. Bartsch, E. 1882. Beiträge zur Anatomie und Entwicklung der Umbelliferfrüchte. Diss., Breslau.

  43. Baum, H. 1948. Über die postgenital Verwachsung in Karpellen. Österreich. Bot. Zeit.95: 86–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. — 1948. Die Verbreitung der postgenitalen Verwachsung im Gynöseum und ihre Bedeutung für die typologische Betrachtung des coenokarpen Gynözeums. Österreich. Bot. Zeits.95: 124–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. — 1949. Der einheitliche Bauplan der Angiospermengynözeen und die Homologie ihrer fertilen Abschnitte. Österreich. Bot. Zeits.96: 64–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Bechtel, A. 1921. The floral anatomy of the Urticales. Am. Jour. Bot.8: 386–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Belk, E. 1939. Studies in the anatomy and morphology of the spikelet and flower of the Gramineae. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  48. Benson, M. andWelsford, E. J. 1909. The morphology of the ovule and female flower ofJuglans regia and a few allied genera. Ann. Bot.23: 623–633.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Berkeley, C. J. A. 1931. Abnormalities in the ovaries ofHelianthus decapetalus. New Phyt.30: 42–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Bernhardi, J. J. 1800. Systematiges Verzeichnis der Pflanzen, welche in der Gegend um Erfurt gefunden werden. I.

  51. — 1833. Ueber den Charakter und die Verwandtschaft der Papaveraceen und Fumariaceen. Linnaea8: 401–477.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Berridge, E. M. 1912. The structure of the female strobilus ofGnetum gnemon. Ann. Bot.26: 987–992.

    Google Scholar 

  53. — 1914. Structure of the flower of Fagaceae and its bearing on the affinities of the group. Ann. Bot.28: 509–526.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bessey, E. A. 1898. The comparative morphology of the pistils of the Ranunculaceae, Alismaceae and Rosaceae. Bot. Gaz.26: 297–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Black, C. A. 1916. The nature of the inflorescence and fruit ofPyrus malus. Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard.6: 519–547

    Google Scholar 

  56. Blaser, H. W. 1941. Studies in the morphology of the Cyperaceae. I. Morphology of the flowers. A. Scirpoid genera. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 542–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. — 1941. Studies in the morphology of the Cyperaceae. I. Morphology of the flowers. B. Rynchosporoid genera. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 832–838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. — andEinset, John. 1950. Flower structure in periclinal chimeras of apple. Am. Jour. Bot.37: 297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Boke, N. H. 1940. Histogenesis and morphology of the phyllode in certain species ofAcacia. Am. Jour. Bot.27: 73–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. — 1948. Development of the perianth inVinca rosea L. Am. Jour. Bot.35: 413–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. — 1949. Development of the stamens and carpels inVinca rosea L. Am. Jour. Bot.36: 535–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Bonne, G. 1925. Sur les faisceaux de rebroussement dans la coupe florale de certaines Rosacées. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)181: 189–191.

    Google Scholar 

  63. — 1926. La nature de la coupe florale chez les Chrysobalanées. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)183: 3–5.

    Google Scholar 

  64. — 1926. Sur la constitution du gynécée chez les Chrysobalanées. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)182: 1404–1406.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Bonne, G. 1928. Recherche sur le pédicelle et la fleur des Rosacées. 377p.

  66. Bonnier, G. 1879. Les nectaires. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI, Bot.8: 1–212.

    Google Scholar 

  67. — 1881. Anatomie de la rose à prolifération centrale. Bull. Soc. Bot. France28: 328–330.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Boothroyd, L. E. 1930. The morphology and anatomy of the inflorescence and flower of the Platanaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 678–693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Bosch, E. 1947. Blütenmorphologische und zytologische Untersuchungen an Palmen. Berichte Schweiz. Bot. Ges.57: 37–100.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Boutineau, E. 1883. De la fleur des Rosacées. Contribution à l’étude des ovaires infères. Thèse de l’École de Pharmacie de Paris.

  71. Bower, F. O. 1884. On the comparative morphology of the leaf in the vascular cryptogams and gymnosperms. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London B.175: 565–615.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Braun, A. 1872. Über den inneren Bau der Frucht der Juglandeen. Bot. Zeit.30: 371.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Braun, A. 1874. “Über Placentenbildung”. Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg, VIII. Sitzung von 30 Jan., pp. 45–50.

  74. Bravais, L. 1842. Examen organographique des nectaires. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. Bot.18: 152–184.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Bretzler, E. 1924. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der GattungPlatanus. Bot. Arch.7: 388–417.

    Google Scholar 

  76. — 1929. Über den Bau derPlatanus Blüte und die systematische Stellung der Platanen. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzengeseu u. Pflanzen Geographie62: 305–309.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Brock, M. G. 1931. The development of the free central placenta ofLychnis alba. Diss., Univ. Chicago.

  78. Brooks, R. M. 1940. Comparative histogenesis of vegetative and floral apices inAmygdalus communis, with special reference to the carpel. Hilgardia13: 249–306.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Brouwer, J. 1924. Studies in Platanaceae. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl.21: 369–382.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Brown, R. 1816. Some observations on the natural family of plants called Compositae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London12: 76–142.

    Google Scholar 

  81. — 1822. An account of a new genus of plants, namedRafflesia. Trans. Linn. Soc. London13: 201–234.

    Google Scholar 

  82. — 1833. On the organs and mode of fecundation in Orchidaceae and Asclepiadaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London16: 685–745.

    Google Scholar 

  83. — 1840. On the relative position of the divisions of stigma and parietal placentae in the compound ovarium of plants. Mics. Bot. Works of Robert Brown Vol.1: 555–563. 1866.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Brown, W. H. 1938. The bearing of nectaries on the phylogeny of flowering plants. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.79: 549–595.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Buchet, S. 1928. La concréscence congénitale n’est pas une vue de l’esprit. Bull. Soc. Bot. France75: 733–740.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Bugnon, P. 1925. La théorie du polymorphisme carpellaire et le cas des Légumineuses. Bull. Soc. Bot. France72: 831–834.

    Google Scholar 

  87. — 1926. La théorie du polymorphisme carpellaire et les cas desDrosera. Bull. Soc. Bot. France73: 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  88. — 1926. Remarques sur la fleur desEschscholtzia (Papaveraceae). Bull. Soc. Bot. France73: 970–974.

    Google Scholar 

  89. — 1926. Valeur morphologique de l’ovaire infère chez lesBegonia. Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie VII9: 7–25.

    Google Scholar 

  90. — 1928. Des bases anatomiques de la théorie de la concrescence congénitale. Bull. Soc. Bot. France75: 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  91. — 1928. La concrescence congénitale n’est pas encore devenus un fait indiscutable. Bull. Bot. France75: 740–750.

    Google Scholar 

  92. — 1929. Calicule des Rosacées et concrescence congénitale. Bull. Soc. Sci. Bretagne (Sci. Math. Phy. et Nat.)6: 9–20.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Capus, G. 1878. Anatomie due tissu conducteur. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot.7: 209–291.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Carpenter, D. C. 1938. Anatomy of the inflorescence ofUrginea maritima (L.) Baker. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci.23: 109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Čelakovsky, L. J. 1890. Ueber die Cupula vonFagus undCastanea. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.21: 128–162.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Čelakovsky, L. J. 1895. Das Reductionsgesetz der Blüthen. Sitzungsber. Bohm. Ges. Wiss., Math-Nat. Cl. 142 pp. for 1894.

  97. — 1898. Ueber die Bedeutung und den Ursprung der Paracorolle der Narcissen. Bull. Int. Acad. Sci. Prague5: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Chakravarty, H. L. 1949. Morphology of the staminate flower of bottle gourd,Lagenaria leucantha (Duch.). Rusby. New Phyt.48: 448–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Chamberlain, C. J. 1897. Contribution to the life history ofSalix. Bot. Gaz.23: 147–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Chapman, M. 1936. Carpel anatomy of the Berberidaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 340–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Chesters, A. E. 1927. The vascular supply of the bracts of some species ofAnemone. Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot.47: 553–582.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Chute, H. M. 1930. The morphology and anatomy of the achene. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 703–722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Cooper, D. C. 1927. Anatomy and development of tomato flower. Bot. Gaz.83: 399–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Copeland, H. F. 1939. The structure ofMonotropsis and the classification of the Monotropoideae. Madroño5: 105–119.

    Google Scholar 

  105. — 1941. Further studies in Monotropoideae. Madroño6: 97–119.

    Google Scholar 

  106. — 1943. A study, anatomical and taxonomic, of the genera of Rhododendroideae. Am. Mid. Nat.30: 533–625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Corner, E. J. H. 1949. The anonaceous seed and its four integuments. New Phyt.48: 332–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. Corry, T. H. 1884. On the structure and development of the gynostegium and the mode of fertilization inAsclepias cornuti. Trans. Linn. Soc. London II2: 173–207.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Crafts, A. S. 1943. Vascular differentiation in shoot apex ofSequoia sempervirens. Am. Jour. Bot.30: 110–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. Crüger, H. 1865. A few notes on the fecundation of orchids and their morphology. Jour. Linn. Soc. London8: 127–135.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Darwin, C. 1862. The various contrivances by which orchids are fertilized by insects.

  112. Daumann, E. 1931. Zur Phylogenie der Diskusbildungen. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Nektarien. II. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.48: 183–208.

    Google Scholar 

  113. — 1931. Zur morphologischen Wertigkeit der Blütennektarium vonLaurus. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.48: 209–213.

    Google Scholar 

  114. — 1935. Die systematische Bedeutung des Blütennektariums der GattungIris. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. B.53: 525–625.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Dawson, M. L. 1936. The floral morphology of the Polemoniaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 501–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. De Candolle, A. P. 1825. Mémoires sur la famille des Légumineuses.

  117. De Candolle, A. P. 1825. Prodromus systematis naturalis. Part I.

  118. De Candolle, A. P. 1827. Organographie Végétale. 2 Vols.

  119. — 1862. Mémoire sur la famille des Juglandées. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. Bot.18: 5–48.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Dickson, J. 1935. Studies in floral anatomy. II. The floral anatomy ofGlaucium flavum with reference to other members of the Papaveraceae. Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot.50: 175–224.

    Google Scholar 

  121. — 1936. Studies in floral anatomy. III. An interpretation of the gynaeceum in the Primulaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 385–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  122. Douglas, G. E. 1936. Studies in the vascular anatomy of the Primulaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 199–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  123. — 1944. The inferior ovary. Bot. Rev.10: 125–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  124. Dowding, E. 1931. Floral morphology ofArceuthobium americanum. Bot. Gaz.91: 42–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  125. Duchartre, P. 1841. Observations sur quelques parties de la fleur dans leDipsacus sylvestris Mill., et dans l’Helianthus annuus Linn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. Bot.,16: 221–234.

    Google Scholar 

  126. — 1842. Observations sur la fleur et plus particulièrement sur l’ovaire de l’Oenothera suaveolens H. P. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. Bot.18: 339–356.

    Google Scholar 

  127. — 1891. Note sur ovaires infères et, plus particulièrement, sur celui des Pomacées. Bull. Soc. Bot. France38: 28–38.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Eames, A. J. 1929. The role of floral anatomy in the determination of angiosperm phylogeny. Proc. Int. Cong. Plant Sci., Ithaca, 1926. Vol. I: 423–427.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Eames, A. J. 1930. The general anatomy of the flower with special reference to the gynaeceum. Proc. Fifth Int. Bot. Cong., Cambridge.

  130. — 1931. The vascular anatomy of the flower with refutation of the theory of carpel polymorphism. Am. Jour. Bot.18: 147–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  131. Eames, A. J. andMacDaniels, L. H. 1947. An introduction to plant anatomy. Sec. Ed.

  132. — andWilson, C. L. 1928. Carpel morphology in the Cruciferae. Amer. Jour. Bot.15: 251–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. — and — 1930. Crucifer carpels. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 638–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  134. Eber, E. 1934. Karpelbau und Plazentationsverhältnisse in der Reihe der Helobiae. Flora127: 273–330.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Eggers, O. 1935. Über die morphologische Bedeutung des Leitbundelverlaufes in der Blüten der Rhoeadalen und über das Diagramm der Cruciferen und Capparidaceen. Arch. Wiss.24: 14–58.

    Google Scholar 

  136. Eichler, A. W. 1867. Sur la structure de la fleur femelle de quelques Balanophorées. Actes Congres Int. Bot.

  137. Eichler, A. W. 1875–1878. Blüthendiagramme.

  138. Emberger, L. 1939. Recherches sur la fleur des Polygonacées. Rev. Gén. Bot.51: 581–599.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Esau, K. 1943. Vascular differentiation in the vegatative shoot ofLinum. II. The first phloem and xylem. Am. Jour. Bot.30: 248–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. — 1943. Origin and development of primary vascular tissue in seed plants. Bot. Rev.9: 125–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. Fawcett, W. 1886. On new species ofBalanophora andThonningia, with a note onBrugmansis lowi Becc. Trans. Linn. Soc. London II2: 233–247.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Feldhofen, E. 1939. Beiträge zur physiologischen Anatomie der nuptialen Nektarien aus den Reihen der Dikotylen. Beih. Bot. Centralbl.50: 459–634, Pl. 2-31.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Fisher, M. J. 1928. The morphology and anatomy of the flowers of the Salicaceae, I & II. Am. Jour. Bot.15: 307–326, 372–394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  144. Ford, E. S. 1942. Anatomy and histology of Eureka lemon. Bot. Gaz.104: 288–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Foster, A. S. 1935. A histogenetic study of the foliar determination onCarya Buckleyi var.arkansana. Am. Jour. Bot.22: 88–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  146. — 1939. Problems of structure, growth and evolution in the shoot apex of seed plants. Bot. Rev.5: 454–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  147. Foster, L. T. 1943. Morphological and cytological studies inCarica papaya. Bot. Gaz.105: 116–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  148. Fotidar, A. N. 1942. Floral anatomy ofNyctanthes arbortristis L. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.21: 159–166.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Fournier, E. 1864. Sur les caractères histologiques du fruit des Crucifères. Bull. Soc. Bot. France11: 237–246; 288–293.

    Google Scholar 

  150. Fraser, M. S. 1937. A study of the vascular supply to the carpels in the follicle-bearing Ranunculaceae. Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb.59: 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  151. Fritsch, F. E. 1908. The anatomy of the Julianiaceae considered from the systematic point of view. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. II.7: 129–151.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Fry, T. C. 1902. A morphological study of certain Asclepiadaceae. Bot. Gaz.34: 389–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  153. Gatin, V. C. 1920. Recherches anatomiques sur le péduncule et la fleur des Liliacées. Rev. Gén. Bot.32: 369–437; 460–528; 561–591.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Gauthier, R. 1947. The nature of the inferior ovary in the genusBegonia. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  155. Gazet Du Chatelier, G. 1940. Recherches sur les Sterculiacées. Thesis Fac. Sci. Montpellier.

  156. Gerber, C. 1900. Recherches sur le nombre des feuilles carpellaires qui entrent dans la constitution du gynécée des Crucifères. Bull. Sci. France et Belgique33: 493–521.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Gérard, M. R. 1879. Sur l'homologie et le diagramme des Orchidées. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot.8: 213–247.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Gilbert, C. 1926. Review of “The Classification of Flowering Plants” by A. B. Rendle, 1925. New Phyt25: 307–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. Glück, H. 1919. Blatt-und Blüthen-morphologische Studien.

  160. Goebel, K. von. 1933. Organographie der Pflanzen, 3, Samenpflanzen.

  161. Goethe J. W. von. 1790. Versuch die Metamorphose der Pflanzen zu erklären.

  162. Gordon, D. A. 1864. Mémoire sur l’inflorescence des Crucifères. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.2: 281–305.

    Google Scholar 

  163. Gray, A. 1879. Structural botany. 1907.

  164. Gregoire, V. 1931. La valeur morphologique des carpelles dans les Angiospermes. Bull. Acad. Royal Belg. V.17: 1286–1302.

    Google Scholar 

  165. — 1935. Les anomalies florales desPrimula et la valeur du placenta central. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles60: 297–301.

    Google Scholar 

  166. — 1935. Sporophylles et organes floraux, tige et axe floral. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl.32: 453–466.

    Google Scholar 

  167. — 1938. La morphogénèse et l’anatomie morphologique de l’appareil floral. I. Le Carpelle. La Cellule47: 287–452.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Gregory, P. J. 1936. The floral morphology and cytology ofElettaria cardamomum Jour. Linn. Soc., Bot.50: 363–391.

    Google Scholar 

  169. Grélot, P. 1897. Recherches sur le système liberoligneux floral des gamopétalees bicarpelés. Ann. Sci. Nat. VIII. Bot.5: 1–154.

    Google Scholar 

  170. Grew, N. 1682. The anatomy of plants with an idea of a philosophical history of plants. 170 p.

  171. Gris, A. 1861. Note sur le développement de la graine du Ricin. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. Bot.15: 5–9.

    Google Scholar 

  172. Gross, H. 1913. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Polygonaceen. Bot. Jahrb.49: 234–339.

    Google Scholar 

  173. Grove, A. R. 1941. Morphological study ofAgave lechuguilla. Bot. Gaz.103: 354–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Gueguen, F. 1900-1902. Recherches sur le tissu collecteur et conducteur des Phanérogames. Jour. Bot. Paris,14: 140–148, 165–172;15: 265–300;16: 15–30, 48–65, 138–144, 167–180, 280–286, 300–313.

    Google Scholar 

  175. Gunckel, J. E. andWetmore, R. H. 1946. Studies of development in long shoots and short shoots ofGinkgo biloba I. The origin and pattern of development of the cortex, pith and procambium. Am. Jour. Bot.33: 285–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  176. ——, 1946. Studies of development in long shoots and short shoots ofGinkgo biloba. II. Phyllotaxis and the organization of the primary vascular system: primary phloem and primary xylem. Am. Jour. Bot.33: 532–543.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. Gundersen, A. 1939. Flower bud and phylogeny of dicotyledons. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club66: 287–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Gürke, M. 1897. Boraginaceae.In Engler, A. and Prantl, K., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Ed. 1. IV, 3a, 71–131.

  179. Guttenberg, H. 1928. Studien an den Blüten der OrchideangattungMormodes Lindl. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.68: 135–148.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Haber, J. M. 1925. The anatomy and the morphology of the flower ofEuphorbia. Ann. Bot.39: 657–707.

    Google Scholar 

  181. Hagerup, O. 1938. On the origin of some angiosperms through the Gnetales and the Coniferales. III. The gynaeceum ofSalix cinerea. K. Danska Videnskab. Selskab. Biol. Med.14: 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  182. — 1939. On the origin of some angiosperms through the Gnetales and the Coniferales. IV. The gynaeceum of Personatae. K. Danska Videnskab. Selskab. Biol. Med.15: 1–39.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Hall, B. A. The nature of the ovary in the genusRhus. Am. Jour. Bot.34: 584. 1948 [Abst.]

    Google Scholar 

  184. Hall, B. A. 1949. The floral anatomy ofDrosera andBegonia and its bearing on the theory of carpel polymorphism. Am. Jour. Bot.36.

  185. Hallier, H. 1912. L’origine et le système phylétique des Angiospermes exposés à l’aide de leur arbre généalogique. Arch. Néerl. III, B,1: 146–234.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Hancy, N. A. 1916. Vascular anatomy of certain ericaceous flowers. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  187. Hanf, M. 1935. Vergleichende und entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen über Morphologie und Anatomie der Griffel und Griffeläste. Beih. Bot. Centralblatt A.54: 99–141.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Hannig, E. 1901. Untersuchungen über die Scheidewände der Cruciferenfrüchte. Bot. Zeit.59: 207–245.

    Google Scholar 

  189. Harms, H. 1916. Über die Blüthenverhältnisse und die systematische Stellung der GattungCercidiphyllum Sieb. u. Zucc. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.34: 272–283.

    Google Scholar 

  190. Hartog, M. M. 1888. On the floral organogeny and anatomy ofBrownea andSaraca. Ann. Bot.2: 309–319.

    Google Scholar 

  191. Harms, H. 1925. Passifloraceae.In Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien21.

  192. Hartung, M. E. andStorey, W. B. 1939. The development of the fruit ofMacadamia ternifolia. Jour. Agr. Res.59: 397–406.

    Google Scholar 

  193. Harvey-Gibson, R. J. 1913. Observations on the morphology and anatomy of the genusMystropetalon Harv. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. II.8: 143–154.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Hayek, A. Van. 1911. Entwurf eines Cruciferen-Systems auf phylogenetischer Grundlage. Bot. Centralbl., Bieh.27: 127–355.

    Google Scholar 

  195. Heimlich, L. F. 1927. The development and the anatomy of the staminate flower of the cucumber. Am. Jour. Bot.14: 227–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  196. Heinricher, E. 1932. Beiträge zur Morphologie der Primulaceen Blüten. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.50: 304–316.

    Google Scholar 

  197. — 1933. Zur Frage nach dem Bau der Primulaceen-Plazenta. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.51: 4–7.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Heinig, K. H. 1948. Studies in the floral morphology of the Thymelaeaceae. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  199. Henderson, L. B. 1926. Floral anatomy of several species ofPlantago. Am. Jour. Bot.13: 397–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  200. Henslow, G. 1880. on the origin of floral aestivation, with notes on the structure of the cruciferous flower, on that ofAdoxa and on the corolla ofPrimula. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, II,1: 177–196.

    Google Scholar 

  201. Henslow, G. 1888. The origin of floral structures through insect and other agencies. pp. 347.

  202. — 1890. On the vascular systems of floral organs, and their importance in the interpretation of the morphology of flowers. Jour. Linn. Soc. London Bot.28: 151–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  203. Hilderbrand, F. 1870. Ueber die Bestäubungsvorrichtungen bie den Fumariaceen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.7: 423–471.

    Google Scholar 

  204. Hill, A. W. 1913. The floral morphology of the genusSebaea. Ann. Bot.27: 479–489.

    Google Scholar 

  205. Hillman, A. 1910. Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen über das Rosaceenhypanth. Beih. Bot. Centbl.26: 377–421.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Hitchcock, C. L. 1932. A monographic study of the genusLycium of the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.19: 179–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  207. Hjelmquist, H. 1948. Studies on the floral morphology and phylogeny of the Amentiferae. Bot. Not. Suppl.2: 1–171.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Hofmeister, W. 1868. Allgemeine Morphologie der Gewächse.

  209. Horne, A. S. 1909. The structure and affinities ofDavidia involucrata Baill. Trans. Linn. Soc. London II7: 303–326.

    Google Scholar 

  210. — 1914. A contribution to the study of the evolution of the flower, with special reference to the Hamamelidaceae, Caprifoliaceae, and Cornaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London II8: 239–309.

    Google Scholar 

  211. Huisgen, F. 1873. Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der Placenten. Diss., Bonn.

  212. Hunt, K. W. 1937. A study of the style and stigma, with reference to the nature of the carpel. Am. Jour. Bot.24: 288–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  213. Hutchinson, J. 1926. The families of the flowering plants. I. Dicotyledons.

  214. Jackson, G. 1933. A study of the carpophore of the Umbelliferae. Am. Jour. Bot.20: 121–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  215. — 1934. The morphology of the flowers ofRosa and certain closely related genera. Am. Jour. Bot.21: 453–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  216. Jaretsky, R. 1928. Histologische und karyologische Studien an Polygonaceen. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot.69: 357–490.

    Google Scholar 

  217. Jeffrey, E. C. 1917. The anatomy of woody plants.

  218. Johnson, D. S. 1935. The development of the shoot, male flower and seedling ofBatis maritima. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club62: 19–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  219. Joshi, A. C. 1934. Morphology of the stylar canal in Angiosperms. Ann. Bot.48: 967–974.

    Google Scholar 

  220. — 1936. Anatomy of the flower ofStellera chamaejasme. Linn. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.15: 77–86.

    Google Scholar 

  221. — 1936. Vascular supply of the stamens and ovules ofGloriosa superba. Nature143: 437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  222. — 1938. The nature of the ovular stalk in Polygonaceae and some related families. Ann. Bot.2: 957–959.

    Google Scholar 

  223. — 1940. The conservative character of vascular system: Comparative anatomy of normal and pentaphyllous bicarpellary flowers ofGagea fascicularis. Ann. Bot.4: 664–669.

    Google Scholar 

  224. — 1942. Structure of the gynaeceum in male flowers ofOsmanthus suavis King. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.21: 331–338.

    Google Scholar 

  225. Joshi, A. C. 1947. The morphology of the gynaeceum. Presidential Address Bot. Sect., Proc. Indian Sci. Cong. 34th Session, Part II, Delhi. 1–18.

  226. — andFotidar, A. N. 1941. Floral anatomy ofOlea fragrans Thunb. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India7: 369–375.

    Google Scholar 

  227. — andRao, C. V. 1934. A contribution to the anatomy, morphology and cytology of the flower ofDigera arvensis. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.13: 201–236.

    Google Scholar 

  228. — and — 1933. Floral anatomy ofRivinia humilis L. and the theory of carpel polymorphism. New Phyt.32: 359–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  229. — andRao, V. Sita Rama. 1934. Vascular anatomy of the flowers of four Nyctaginaceae. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.13: 169–186.

    Google Scholar 

  230. Judson, J. E. 1929. The morphology and vascular anatomy of the pistillate flowers of the cucumber. Am. Jour. Bot.16: 69–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  231. Kant, I. 1928. Critique of teleological judgment. Trans. by Meredith, J. C.

  232. Karsten, G. 1936. Spermatophyta. Lehrb. Bot. Hochschulen. 19 Aufl.

  233. Kausik, S. B. 1938. Studies in the Proteaceae. II. Floral anatomy and morphology ofMacadamia ternifolia F. Muell. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B.8: 45–62.

    Google Scholar 

  234. — 1940. Vascular anatomy of the flower ofMacadamia ternifolia F. Muell. (Proteaceae). Curr. Sci. (Bangalore)9: 22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  235. — 1940. Vascular anatomy of the pistillate flower ofEnalus acoroides. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore)9: 182–184.

    Google Scholar 

  236. — 1941. Studies in the Proteaceae. V. Vascular anatomy of the flower ofGrevillea robusta. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci.7: 257–266.

    Google Scholar 

  237. Kaussmann, B. 1941. Vergleichende Untersuchungen über die Blattnatur der Kelch-, Blumen-und Staub-blätter. Bot. Arch.42: 503–572.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Kerner, A. andOliver, F. W. 1895. The natural history of plants. Half-Vol. III.

  239. Kershaw, E. M. 1909. The structure and development of the ovule ofMyrica gale. Ann. Bot.23: 353–362.

    Google Scholar 

  240. — 1909. Further observations on the structure of the ovule of Myricaceae and allied groups. Ann. Bot.23: 692.

    Google Scholar 

  241. King, J. R. 1938. Morphological development of the fruit of the olive. Hilgardia11: 437–454.

    Google Scholar 

  242. Kirkwood, J. E. 1905. The comparative embryology of the Cucurbitaceae. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard.3: 313–402.

    Google Scholar 

  243. Klein, J. 1894. Der Bau der Cruciferenblüthe auf anatomischer Grundlage. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.12: 18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  244. Koch, M. F. 1930. Studies in the anatomy and morphology of the composite flower. I. The corolla. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 938–952.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  245. — 1930. Studies in the anatomy and morphology of the composite flower. II. The corolla of the Heliantheae and Mutisieae. Am. Jour. Bot.17: 995–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  246. Koehne, E. 1869. Ueber Blüthenentwicklung bei den Compositen. Diss., Berlin.

  247. Kozo Poljanski, B. 1926. [The morphology of the flower of Umbelliferae]. Bull. Soc. Nat. Voroneje. [In Russian]

  248. —. 1936. On some “third” conceptions in floral morphology. New Phyt35: 479–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  249. Kraus, E. J. 1913. The pollination of the pomaceous fruits. I. Gross morphology of the apple. Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., Res. Bull. 1.

  250. Kraus, E. J. andRalston, G. S. 1916. The pollination of the pomaceous fruits. III. Gross vascular anatomy of the apple. Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 138.

  251. Krüger, M. 1932. Vergleichende entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an den Frucht-knoten und Früchten zweier Solanum-Chimären und ihrer Elternarten. Planta17: 372–435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  252. Kühn, G. 1928. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der intraseminalen Leitbundel bei den Angiospermen. Bot. Jahrb.61: 325–379.

    Google Scholar 

  253. Kumazawa, M. 1940. Further studies on the vascular course in the male inflorescence ofZea mays. Vascular anatomy of Maize. II. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo)54: 307–313. [In Jap. with Eng. Summ.]

    Google Scholar 

  254. Kurr, J. G. 1832. Untersuchungen über die Bedeutung der Nektarien in den Blumen.

  255. Lam, H. J. 1948. Classification and the new morphology. Acta Biotheoretica8: 107–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  256. Langdon, La Dema Mary. 1939. Ontogenetic and anatomical studies of the flower and fruit of the Fagaceae and Juglandaceae. Bot. Gaz.101: 301–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  257. —. 1947. The comparative morphology of the Fagaceae. 1. The genusNothofagus. Bot. Gaz.108: 350–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  258. Larbaud, M. 1923. Modifications causées par le climat alpin dans la morphologie et l’anatomie florales. Ann. Sci. Nat. X. Bot.5: 193–319.

    Google Scholar 

  259. Laubengayer, R. A. 1937. Studies in the anatomy and morphology of the polygonaceous flower. Am. Jour. Bot.24: 329–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  260. — 1948. The vascular anatomy of the eight-rowed ear and tassel of Golden Bantam Sweet Corn. Am. Jour. Bot.36: 236–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  261. Lawalree, A. 1948. Histogénèse florale et végétative chez quelques Composées. La Cellule52: 215–294.

    Google Scholar 

  262. Lawrence, J. R. 1937. A correlation of the taxonomy and the floral anatomy of certain of the Boraginaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.24: 433–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  263. Le Monnier, G. 1872. Recherches sur le nervation de la Graine. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.16: 233–305.

    Google Scholar 

  264. Leinfellner, W. 1941. Über den unterständigen Fruchtknoten und einige Bemerkungen über den Bauplan des verwachsenblättrigen Gynaeceum an sich. Bot. Arch.42: 1–43.

    Google Scholar 

  265. Lestiboudois, T. 1854, 1855. Carpographie anatomique. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. Bot.2: 223–243;3: 47–72.

    Google Scholar 

  266. Lignier, O. 1896. La fleur des Crucifères comparée à celle des Fumariacées. Assoc. Franc. Adv. Sci. Compt. Rend. 25 Session Carthage, p. 403.

  267. — 1911. Notes anatomiques sur l’ovaire de quelques Papaveracées. Bull. Soc. Bot. France58: 279–283; 337–344; 429–435.

    Google Scholar 

  268. — 1915. Eschscholtziées. Explication anatomique de la fleur. Bull. Soc. Bot. France62: 298–319.

    Google Scholar 

  269. Lindley, J. 1828.Eschscholtzia californica Plate 1168 in Bot. Register14.

  270. Lindley, J., 1847. The vegetable kingdom. 2nd Ed.

  271. Lindsey, A. A. 1938. Anatomical evidence for the Menyanthaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.25: 480–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  272. —, 1940. Floral anatomy in the Gentianaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.27: 640–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  273. Louis, J. 1935. L’ontogénèse du systeme conducteur dans la pousse feuillée des Dicotylées et des Gymnospermes. La Cellule44: 87–102.

    Google Scholar 

  274. MacArthur, M. andWetmore, R. H. 1939. Developmental studies in the apple fruit in the varieties McIntosh Red and Wagener. I. Vascular anatomy. Jour. Pom. & Hort. Sci.17: 218–232.

    Google Scholar 

  275. — and — 1941. Developmental studies of the apple fruit in the varieties McIntosh Red and Wagener. II. An analysis of development. Can. Jour. Bot.19: 371–383.

    Google Scholar 

  276. MacDaniels, L. H. 1940. The morphology of the apple and other pome fruits. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Mem. 230.

  277. Manning, W. E. 1938. The morphology of the flowers of the Juglandaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.25: 407–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  278. — 1940. The morphology of the flowers of the Juglandaceae. II. The pistillate flowers and fruits. Am. Jour. Bot.27: 839–852.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  279. — 1948. The morphology of the flowers of the Juglandaceae. III. The staminate flowers. Am. Jour. Bot.35: 606–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  280. Martel, E. 1898. Note sur le diagramme floral des Crucifères et des Fumariacées. Jour. Bot.12: 30–31.

    Google Scholar 

  281. — 1905. Contribuzione all’anatomia del flore della Ombellifere. Mem. Reale. Acad. Sci. Torino II,55: 271–283.

    Google Scholar 

  282. — 1908. Contribuzione all’anatomia del flore dell’ “Hedera helix”, dell’ “Aralia sieboldii” e del “Cornus sanguinea”. Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino, II,58: 561–579.

    Google Scholar 

  283. Masters, M. T. 1865. On the corona ofNarcissus. Seeman’s Jour. Bot.3: 105–109.

    Google Scholar 

  284. Masters, M. T. 1869. Vegetable teratology.

  285. — 1871. Contribution to the natural history of the Passifloraceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London27: 593–645.

    Google Scholar 

  286. — 1877. Remarks on the “superposed” arrangement of the flower. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.15: 456–478.

    Google Scholar 

  287. — 1878. On some points in the morphology of the Primulaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London II1: 285–300.

    Google Scholar 

  288. — 1887. On the floral conformation of the genusCypripedium. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.22: 402–422.

    Google Scholar 

  289. Mattfeld, J. 1938. Über eine angeblicheDrymaria Australiens nebst Bemerkungen über die Staminaldrusen und die Petalen der Caryophyllaceen. Fedde. Rep. Beih. C. 147–164.

  290. — 1938. Das morphologische Wesen und die phylogenetische Bedeutung der Blumenblätter. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.56: 86–116.

    Google Scholar 

  291. Matthews, J. R. andKnox, E. M. 1926. The comparative morphology of the stamen in the Ericaceae. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb.29: 243–281.

    Google Scholar 

  292. — andTaylor, G. 1926. The structure and development of the stamen inErica hirtiflora. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb.29: 235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  293. Mettenius, G. H. 1861. Beiträge zur Anatomie der Cycadeen. Abh. Sächs. Ges. Wiss.7: 565–608. Pl. 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  294. Miller, W. L. 1929. Staminate flower ofEchinocystis lobata. Bot. Gaz.88: 262–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  295. Mirbel, C. F. B. 1810. Mémoire sur l’anatomie et la physiologie des Labiées. Ann. du Museum, 1810, t. X.

  296. — 1830. Nouvelles recherches sur la structure et le developpement de l’ovule végétal. Mém. Acad. Sci.9: 609–629 (1828).

    Google Scholar 

  297. — 1830. Addition aux nouvelles recherches sur la structure et le dévéloppement de l’ovule. (1829). Mém. Acad. Sci.9: 629–684.

    Google Scholar 

  298. Mohl, H. von. 1863. Eine kurze Bemerkung über das Carpophorum der Umbelliferenfrucht. Bot. Zeit.21: 264–266.

    Google Scholar 

  299. Moore, J. M. 1936. Morphology of the gynobase inMertensia. Am. Mid. Nat.17: 749–752.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  300. Moore, J. A. 1936. Floral anatomy and phylogeny in the Rutaceae. New Phyt.35: 318–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  301. Moore, J. M. 1936. The vascular anatomy of the flower in the papilionaceous Leguminosae. 1. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 279–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  302. — 1936. The vascular anatomy of the flower in the papilionaceous Leguminosae. 2. Am. Jour. Bot.23: 349–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  303. Murray, M. A. 1945. Carpellary and placental structure in the Solanaceae. Bot. Gaz.107: 243–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  304. Müller Hoefs, E. 1944. Die Nervature der Nieder und Hochblätter. Bot. Arch.45: 1–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  305. Nast, C. G. 1935. Morphological development of the fruit ofJuglans regia. Hilgardia9: 345–362.

    Google Scholar 

  306. — 1944. The comparative morphology of the Winteraceae. VI. Vascular anatomy of the flowering shoot. Jour. Arn. Arb.25: 454–466.

    Google Scholar 

  307. — andBailey, I. W. 1945. Morphology and relationships ofTrochodendron andTetracentron. II. Inflorescence, flower and fruit. Jour. Arn. Arb.26: 265–276.

    Google Scholar 

  308. — and —. 1946. Morphology ofEuptelea and comparison withTrochodendron. Jour. Arn. Arb.27: 186–192.

    Google Scholar 

  309. Naudin, C. 1855. Observations rélatives à la nature des vrilles et à la structure de la fleur chez les Cucurbitacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. Bot.4: 5–19.

    Google Scholar 

  310. Netolitzsky, F. 1926. Anatomie der Angiospermen-Samen. Handb. Pflanzenanatomie, Band X.

  311. Nicoloff, Th. 1904-1905. Sur le type floral et le développement du fruit des Juglandées. Jour. Bot.18: 134–152, 380–385;19: 63–84.

    Google Scholar 

  312. Norris, T. 1941. Torus anatomy and nectary characteristics as phylogenetic criteria in the Rhoeadales. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 101–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  313. Okimoto, M. C. 1948-1949. Anatomy and histology of the pineapple inflorescence and fruit. Bot. Gaz.110: 217–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  314. Ozenda, Paul. 1948. Recherches sur les Dicotylédones apocarpiques. Contribution à l’étude des Angiospermes, dites, primitives. Thesis, Sorbonne.

  315. Parkin, J. 1926. Comments on the theory of solid carpel and carpel polymorphism. New Phyt.25: 191–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  316. Parkin, J.. 1933. The classical carpel and recent attacks. Rep. Bot. Exch. Club 598–606.

  317. Pax, F. 1888. Amaryllidaceae.In Engler, A. and Prantl, K. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, II,5: 97–124.

  318. Payer, J. B. 1857. Traité d’organogénie comparée de la fleur.

  319. Pfitzer, E. 1889. Orchidaceae.In Engler and Prantl Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien II6: 52–218.

  320. Philipson, W. R. 1935. The development of the spikelet inAgrostis canina L. New Phyt.34: 421–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  321. —. 1946. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. I. The capitulum ofBellis perennis L. Ann. Bot.10: 257–270.

    Google Scholar 

  322. —. 1947. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. II. The capitula ofSuccisa pratensis Moench. andDipsacus fullonum L. Ann. Bot.11: 285–297.

    Google Scholar 

  323. —. 1948. Studies in the development of the inflorescence. IV. The capitula ofHieraceum boreale Fries andDahlia gracilis Ortg. Ann. Bot.12: 65–75.

    Google Scholar 

  324. Pilger, R. 1939. Zur Morphologie des Aehrchens, der Gramineen. Bot. Jahrb.69: 401–418.

    Google Scholar 

  325. Prantl, K. 1887. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Cupuliferen. Bot. Jahrb.8: 321–336.

    Google Scholar 

  326. Priestley, J. H. andScott, L. I. 1936. The vascular anatomy ofHelianthus annuus L. Proc. Leeds Phil. & Lit. Soc.3: 159–173.

    Google Scholar 

  327. Puri, V. 1939. Studies in the orders Rhoeadales and Parietales. Thesis, Agra Univ., India.

  328. —. 1939. Studies in the order Parietales. I. A contribution to the morphology ofTamarix chinensis Lour. Beih. Bot. Zentbl. A59: 335–349.

    Google Scholar 

  329. —. 1939. Studies in the order Parietales. II. A contribution to the morphology ofGarcinia livingstonii T. Anders. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.9: 74–86.

    Google Scholar 

  330. —. 1941. Studies in floral anatomy. I. Gynaeceum constribution in the Cruciferae. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci.14: 166–187.

    Google Scholar 

  331. —. 1942. Studies in floral anatomy. II Floral anatomy of the Moringaceae with special reference to gynaeceum constitution. Proc. Nat. Inst. Sci. India8: 71–88.

    Google Scholar 

  332. —. 1945. Studies in floral anatomy. III. On the origin and orientation of placental strands. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India15: 74–91.

    Google Scholar 

  333. —. 1947. Studies in floral anatomy. IV. Vascular anatomy of the flower of certain species of the Passifloraceae. Am. Jour. Bot.34: 562–573.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  334. —. 1948. Studies in floral anatomy. V. On the structure and nature of the corona in certain species of the Passfloraceae. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.27: 130–149.

    Google Scholar 

  335. —. 1950. Studies in floral anatomy. VI. Vascular anatomy of the flower ofCrataeva religiosa with special reference to the nature of the carpels in the Capparidaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.37: 363–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  336. Puri, V.. 1950. Placentation in angiosperms. Proc. VII. Int. Bot. Cong., Stockholm.

  337. Puri, V.. 1951. Studies in floral anatomy. VII. On placentation in certain species of the Cucurbitaceae [In Press.]

  338. Quimby, M. W. 1939. The floral morphology of the Crassulaceae. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  339. Qutbell, C. H. 1941. Floral anatomy and morphology ofAnemopsis californica Bot. Gaz.102: 749–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  340. Raghavan, T. S. 1939. Studies in the Capparidaceae. IV. Floral anatomy and some structural features of the Capparidaceae. Jour. Linn. Soc. London52: 239–257.

    Google Scholar 

  341. These papers were also published earlier in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. A.60: 1940.— 1941. Studies in the Capparidaceae. VI. Floral structure inCrataeva religiosa Forst., with special reference to the morphology of the carpel. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B.13: 109–128.

    Google Scholar 

  342. These papers were also published earlier in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. A.60: 1940.—. 1941. Studies in the Capparidaceae. VII. The floral morphology ofCrataeva religiosa. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B.13: 235–243.

    Google Scholar 

  343. — and —. 1941. Contribution to the morphology and cytology ofAlpinia calcarata Rose, with special reference to the theory of zingiberous flowering. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. B.13: 325–344.

    Google Scholar 

  344. Rao, C. V. 1949. Floral anatomy of some Sterculiaceae with special reference to the position of stamen. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.28: 237–245.

    Google Scholar 

  345. Rao, L. N. 1942. Studies in the Santalaceae. Ann. Bot.6: 151–175.

    Google Scholar 

  346. Rao, V. S. 1949. The morphology of the calyx-tube and origin of perigyny in Turnaceae. Jour. Ind. Bot. Soc.28: 198–201.

    Google Scholar 

  347. Rastogi, S. P. 1951. Vascular anatomy of the flower of certain species of the Myrtaceae. M.S. Thesis, Agra Univ.

  348. Rawi, A. A. 1945. Blütenmorphologische und zytologische Untersuchungen an Palmen der Unterfamilie Ceroxyloideae. Diss. Univ. Zurich.

  349. Reece, P. C. 1938. The morphology of the flowers and inflorescence of the Fagaceae. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  350. — 1939. The floral anatomy of the avocado. Am. Jour. Bot.26: 429–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  351. Rendle, A. B. 1930. The classification of the flowering plants. Vol. 1.

  352. Rösler, P. 1928. Histologische Studien am Vegetationspunkt vonTriticum vulgare. Planta5: 28–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  353. Sachs, J. 1882. Text-book of botany (Eng. Trans. by Vines, H. S.)

  354. Salisbury, E. J. 1931. On the morphology and ecology ofRanunculus parviflorus L. Ann. Bot.45: 539–578.

    Google Scholar 

  355. Satina, S. 1944. Periclinal chimeras inDatura in relation to development and structure (A) of style and stigma (B) of calyx and corolla. Am. Jour. Bot.31: 493–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  356. — 1945. Periclinal chimeras inDatura in relation to the development and structure of the ovule. Am. Jour. Bot.32: 72–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  357. — andBlakeslee, A. F. 1941. Periclinal chimeras inDatura stramonium in relation to development of leaf and flower. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 862–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  358. — and — 1943. Periclinal chimeras inDatura in relation to the development of the carpel. Am. Jour. Bot.30: 453–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  359. Saunders, E. R. 1923. A reversionary character in the stock (Matthiola incana) and its significance in regard to the structure and evolution of the gynaeceum in the Rhoeadales, and Orchidaceae and other families. Ann. Bot.37: 451–482.

    Google Scholar 

  360. — 1925. On carpel polymorphism. Ann. Bot.39: 122–168.

    Google Scholar 

  361. — 1925. The inferior ovary. New Phyt.24: 179–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  362. — 1925. Perigyny and carpel polymorphism in some Rosaceae. New Phyt.24: 206–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  363. — 1926. A reply to comments on the theory of solid carpel and carpel polymorphism. New Phyt.25: 294–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  364. — 1927. On carpel polymorphism. II, Ann. Bot.41: 569–627.

    Google Scholar 

  365. — 1928. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. I. New Phyt.27: 47–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  366. — 1928. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. II. New Phyt.27: 175–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  367. — 1928. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. III. New Phyt.27: 197–214.

    Google Scholar 

  368. — 1929. The median carpels in the Cruciferae. Am. Jour. Bot.16: 122–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  369. —. 1929. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. IV. New Phyt.28: 225–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  370. —. 1930. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. V. New Phyt.29: 44–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  371. — 1930. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. VI. New Phyt.29: 81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  372. — 1931. Illustrations of carpel polymorphism. VII. New Phyt.30: 80–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  373. — 1932. On carpel polymorphism. V. Ann. Bot.46: 239–298.

    Google Scholar 

  374. — 1932. On some recent contributions and criticisms dealing with morphology in Angiosperms. New Phyt.31: 174–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  375. — 1933. The cause of petaloid coluring in “apetalous” flowers. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.49: 199–218.

    Google Scholar 

  376. — 1934. On carpel polymorphism. VI. Ann. Bot.48: 643–692.

    Google Scholar 

  377. — 1934. A study ofVeronica from the view-point of certain floral characters. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.49: 453–493.

    Google Scholar 

  378. — 1934. Comments on “Floral anatomy and its morphological interpretation”. New Phyt.33: 127–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  379. — 1935. On the gynaeceum ofFilipendula ulmaria Maxim. andFilipendula hexapetala Gillib. A correction. Ann. Bot.49: 848–852.

    Google Scholar 

  380. — 1936. On rhythmic development and radial organization in the flower. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.50: 291–322.

    Google Scholar 

  381. — 1936. On certain features of floral construction, and arrangement in the Malvaceae. Ann. Bot.50: 247–281.

    Google Scholar 

  382. —. 1936. The vascular ground plan as a guide to floral ground plan: illustrated from Cistaceae. New Phyt.35: 47–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  383. —. 1936. Certain unique features of the gynaeceum in Nolanaceae. New Phyt.35: 423–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  384. —. 1936. Some morphological problems presented by the flower in the Nymphaeaceae. Jour. Bot.74: 217–221.

    Google Scholar 

  385. Satina, S.. 1937. Floral morphology, a new outlook with special reference to the interpretation of the gynaeceum. Vol. 1.

  386. Satina, S.. 1939. Floral morphology. Vol. II.

  387. —. 1939. The neglect of anatomical evidence in the current solutions of problems in systematic botany. New Phyt.38: 203–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  388. —. 1940. Further observations on the morphology and anatomy of the flower ofSalvia. Ann. Bot.4: 629–633.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  389. —. 1941. The significance of certain morphological variations of common occurrence in flowers ofPrimula. New Phyt.40: 64–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  390. Schachner, J. 1924. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Blüten und Samenentwicklung der Scitaminean. Flora117: 16–40.

    Google Scholar 

  391. Schaeppi, H. 1937. Vergleichend-morphologische Untersuchungen am Gynaeceum der Primulaceen. Zeit. Ges. Nat.3: 239–250.

    Google Scholar 

  392. — undSteindl, F. 1937. Blütenmorphologische und embryologische Untersuchungen anOsyris alba. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges.47: 369–392.

    Google Scholar 

  393. —. 1942. Morphologische und entwicklungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen an den Blüten vonThesium. Mitt. Naturw. Ges. Winterthur23: 41–61.

    Google Scholar 

  394. — undSteindl, F. 1942. Blütenmorphologische und embryologische Untersuchungen an Loranthoideen. Vjschr. Nat. Ges. Zurich87: 301–372.

    Google Scholar 

  395. — 1945. Blütenmorphologische und embryologische Untersuchungen an einigen Viscoideen. Vjschr. Nat. Ges. Zurich90: 1–46.

    Google Scholar 

  396. — 1950. Vergleichendmorphologische Untersuchungen an Gynaeceum der Rosoideen. Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges.60: 15–50.

    Google Scholar 

  397. Schleiden, M. J. 1849. Principles of scientific botany. (Trans. by E. Lankester).

  398. Schoute, J. C. 1932. On pleiomery and meiomery in the flowers. Trav. Bot. Néerl.29: 164–226.

    Google Scholar 

  399. — 1937. On the aestivation in the cyathium ofEuphorbia fulgens, with some remarks on the morphological interpretation of the cyathium in general. Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl.34: 168–181.

    Google Scholar 

  400. Schumann, K. 1904. Monographie der Zingiberaceae von Malaisien und Papuasien. Bot. Jahrb.27: 259–350.

    Google Scholar 

  401. Scott, D. H. 1897. The anatomical characters presented by the peduncles of Cycadaceae. Ann. Bot.11: 399–419.

    Google Scholar 

  402. Sharma, D. N. 1949. Vascular anatomy of the flower of some species of the Cactaceae. Thesis, Agra Univ., India.

  403. Shuhart, D. V. 1932. Morphology and anatomy of the fruit ofHicoria pecan. Bot. Gaz.93: 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  404. Sifton, H. B. 1944. Developmental morphology of vascular plants. New Phyt.43: 87–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  405. Sinnott, E. W. 1914. Investigations in the phylogeny of the Angiosperms. I. The anatomy of the node as an aid in the classification of angiosperms. Am. Jour. Bot.1: 303–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  406. — andBailey, I. W. 1914. Investigations on the phylogeny of angiosperms. II. Bot. Gaz.58: 36–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  407. Small, J. 1917. On the floral anatomy of some Compositae. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.43: 517–525.

    Google Scholar 

  408. — 1918. The origin and development of the Compositae. New Phyt.17: 13–40; 62–94; 104–142; 200–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  409. Smith, F. H. andSmith, E. C. 1942. Anatomy of the inferior ovary ofDarbya. Am. Jour. Bot.29: 464–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  410. Smith, F. H. andSmith, E. C. 1942. Floral anatomy of the Santalaceae and related forms. Ore. State Mon., Stud. Bot. 5.

  411. Smith G. H. 1926. Vascular anatomy of Ranalian flowers. I. Ranunculaceae. Bot. Gaz.82: 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  412. — 1928. Vascular anatomy of Ranalian flowers. II. Ranunculaceae (Cont'd), Menispermaceae, Calycanthaceae. Anonaceae. Bot. Gaz.85: 152–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  413. Smith, C. M. 1929. Development ofDionaea mascipula. I. Flower and seed. Bot. Gaz.87: 507–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  414. Smock, R. M. 1937. Morphology of the flower and fruit of the Loquar. Hilgardia10: 615–627.

    Google Scholar 

  415. Snell, R. S. 1936. Anatomy of the spikelets and flowers ofCarex, Kobresia andUncinia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club63: 277–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  416. Snow, E. 1945. Floral morphology ofChrysanthemum nauseosus speciosus. Bot. Gaz.106: 451–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  417. Snow, M. andSnow, R. 1947. On the determination of leaves. New Phyt.46: 5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  418. Solereder, H. 1899. Zur Morphologie und Systematik der GattungCercidiphyllum Sieb. et Zucc. mit Berüchsichtigung der GattungEucommia Oliv. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.17: 387–405.

    Google Scholar 

  419. Sprague, T. A. 1927. The morphology and taxonomic position of the Adoxaceae. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.47: 471–487.

    Google Scholar 

  420. Spratt, E. R. 1932. The gynaeceum of the family Cruciferae. Jour. Bot.70: 308–414.

    Google Scholar 

  421. Sprotte, K. 1940. Untersuchungen über Wachstum und Nervatur der Fruchtblätter. Bot. Arch.40: 463–506.

    Google Scholar 

  422. Stapf, O. 1896. On the structure of the female flower and fruit ofSararanga sinuosa Hemsl. Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot.32: 479–489.

    Google Scholar 

  423. Sterling, C. 1945. Growth and vascular development in the shoot apex ofSequoia sempervirens. II. Vascular development in relation to phyllotaxis. Am. Jour. Bot.32: 380–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  424. Stoudt, H. N. 1941. The floral morphology of some of the Capparidaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.28: 664–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  425. Swamy, B. G. L. 1948. Vascular anatomy of the orchid flowers. Bot. Mus. Leaf., Harvard Univ.,13: 61–95.

    Google Scholar 

  426. — 1949. Further contributions to the morphology of the Degeneriaceae. Jour. Arn. Arb.30: 10–38.

    Google Scholar 

  427. — andBailey, I. W. 1949. The morphology and relationships ofCercidiphyllum. Jour. Arn. Arb.30: 187–210.

    Google Scholar 

  428. — 1950.Sarcandra, a vessel-less genus of the Chloranthaceae. Jour. Arn. Arb.31: 117–129.

    Google Scholar 

  429. Tansley, A. G. 1907-1908. Lectures on the evolution of the filicinean vascular system. New Phyt.6: 25–35, 53–68, 109–120, 135–155, 187–203, 219–238, 253–269;7: 1–16, 29–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  430. Teschner, C. 1931. Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte und Anatomie der Blüte vonErica und ihrer systematischen Bedeutung. Diss., Berlin.

  431. Thenen, S. 1911. Zur Phylogenie der Primulaceenblüte; Studien über den Gefässbündelverlauf in Blütenachse und Perianth. pp. 131.

  432. Thomas, H. H. 1931. The early evolution of the Angiosperms. Ann. Bot.45: 647–672.

    Google Scholar 

  433. — 1934. The nature and origin of the stigma. A contribution toward a new morphological interpretation of the angiosperm flower. New Phyt.33: 173–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  434. Thompson, J. McL. 1933. Studies in advancing sterility. VI. The theory of Scitaminean flowering. Univ. Liverpool, Hartley Bot. Lab., Pub.11: 1–114.

    Google Scholar 

  435. — 1934. Studies in advancing sterility. VII. The state of flowering known as angiospermy (with special reference to placentation and the origin and nature of follicles and achenes). Univ. Liverpool, Hartley Bot. Lab., Pub.12: 5–47.

    Google Scholar 

  436. — 1936. On the floral morphology ofElettaria cardamomum Maton. (with special reference to the interpretation of floral structure on the evidence of ontogeny and vascular anatomy). Univ. Liverpool, Hartley Bot. Lab., Pub.14: 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  437. — 1937. On the place of ontogeny in floral enquiry. Univ. Liverpool, Hartley Bot. Lab., Pub.17: 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  438. Thomson, B. F. 1942. The floral morphology of the Caryophyllaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.29: 333–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  439. Tillson, A. H. 1940. The floral anatomy of the Kalanchoideae. Am. Jour. Bot.27: 595–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  440. — andBamford, R. 1938. The floral anatomy of the Aurantioideae. Am. Jour. Bot.25: 780–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  441. Trecul, A. 1843. Observations sur les fruits desPrismatocarpus speculum ethybridus, et sur celui des Crucifères. Ann. Sci. Nat. II Bot.20: 339–344.

    Google Scholar 

  442. — 1890. Ordre d’apparition des premiers vaisseaux dans les fleurs de quelquesTragopogon etScorzonera. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)111: 329–333.

    Google Scholar 

  443. — 1892. De l’ordre d’apparition des vaisseaux dans les fleurs duTaraxacum dansLeonis Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris).114: 446–452.

    Google Scholar 

  444. — 1892. De l’ordre d’apparition des premiers vaisseaux dans les fleurs de quelquesLactuca. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris)115: 86–92.

    Google Scholar 

  445. Treviranus, L. C. 1859. Ueber Frucht-und Samen-bau der Mistel. Bot. Zeit.17: 345–346.

    Google Scholar 

  446. — 1861. Über Fruchtbau und einige Gattungen der Doldengewächse. Bot. Zeit.19: 9–14.

    Google Scholar 

  447. Troll, W. 1927. Zur Frage nach der Herkunft der Blumenblätter. Flora112: 57–75.

    Google Scholar 

  448. — 1928. Zur Auffassung des Parakarpen Gynaeceums und des Coenocarpen Gynaeceums überhaupt. Planta6: 255–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  449. Troll, W. 1928. Organization und Gestalt im Bereich der Blüte.

  450. — 1934. Über Bau und Nervatur der Karpelle vonRanunculus. Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges.52: 214–220.

    Google Scholar 

  451. Troll, W. 1935. Vergleichende Morphologie der höheren Pflanzen I (1).

  452. — 1939. Die morphologische Natur der Karpelle. Chron. Bot.5: 38–41.

    Google Scholar 

  453. Tukey, H. B. 1938. The occurrence of apple blossoms with prolonged central axes and its bearing upon flower morphology. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.35: 117–127.

    Google Scholar 

  454. — andYoung, J. O. 1942. Gross morphology and histology of developing fruit of the apple. Bot. Gaz.104: 3–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  455. Uhl, N. W. 1947. Studies in the floral morphology and anatomy of certain members of the Helobiae. Thesis, Cornell Univ.

  456. Unruh, M. 1941. Blattnervatur und Karpelnervatur. Kleiner Beitrag zur morphologischen Deutung des Karpelles. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen27: 232–241.

    Google Scholar 

  457. Van Tieghem, Ph. 1866. Observations sur la Ficaire. Ann. Sci. Nat. V Bot.5: 88–110.

    Google Scholar 

  458. — 1868. Anatomie comparée de la fleur femelle et du fruit des Cycadées, des Conifères et des Gnetacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.10: 269–304.

    Google Scholar 

  459. — 1868. Recherches sur la structure du pistil. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.12: 127–226.

    Google Scholar 

  460. Van Tieghem, Ph. 1868. Anatomie de l’Utriculaire commune Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.10:

  461. — 1869. Anatomie de la fleur femelle et du fruit du noyer. Bull. Soc. Bot. France16: 412–420.

    Google Scholar 

  462. — 1869. Anatomie des fleurs et du fruit du Gui. Ann. Sci Nat. V. Bot.12: 101–124.

    Google Scholar 

  463. — 1869. Structure du pistil des Primulacées et des Théophrastées. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.12: 329–339.

    Google Scholar 

  464. — 1869. Anatomie de la fleur des Santalacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.12: 329–339.

    Google Scholar 

  465. — 1870. Recherches sur la symétrie de structure des plantes vasculaires. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.13: 5–314.

    Google Scholar 

  466. — 1871. Recherches sur la structure du pistil et sur l'anatomie comparée de la fleur. Mem. Savants étrangers à l'Institut. II21: 1–261. 1871. Also Mem. Acad. Sci. France.21: 1–261. 1875.

    Google Scholar 

  467. — 1872. Note sur les divers modes de nervation de l’ovule et de la graine. Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot.16: 228–232.

    Google Scholar 

  468. — 1878. Anatomie de la Rose et en général caractères xanatomiques des axes invaginés. Bull. Soc. Bot. France25: 309–315.

    Google Scholar 

  469. — 1882. Sur quelques points de l’anatomie de Cucurbitacées. Bull. Soc. Bot. France29: 277–283.

    Google Scholar 

  470. Van Tieghem, Ph. 1884. Traité de botanique.

  471. — 1896. Sur l’existence de feuilles sans méristèle dans la fleur de certaines Phanérogames. Rév. Gén. Bot.8: 481–490.

    Google Scholar 

  472. — 1900. Sur les dicotylédones du groupe des Homoxylées. Jour. Bot.14: 259–297, 330–361.

    Google Scholar 

  473. Velenovsky, J. 1905, 1907, 1910. Vergleichende Morphologie der Pflanzen. I. II. III.

  474. Velkateswarlu, J. 1941. Vascular supply in the ovules of some Compositae. Curr. Sci. (Bangalore)10: 367–368.

    Google Scholar 

  475. Venning, F. D. 1945. Accessory vascular bundles inMurraya koenigi (Linn.) Spreng. (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.35: 352–356.

    Google Scholar 

  476. — 1947. Variation of accessory vascularization in four species ofCitrus and their possible application as new taxonomic characters. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci.37: 210–217.

    Google Scholar 

  477. — 1948. Diversities of floral vascular anatomy inPamburus missionis (Wight.) Swingle. Quart. Jour. Florida Sci.10: 139–146.

    Google Scholar 

  478. Vidal, L. 1898. La course des faisceux dans le receptacle floral des Labiées. Jour. Bot.12: 46–52.

    Google Scholar 

  479. Vuillemin, P. 1923. Recherches sur les Cucurbitacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. X. Bot.5: 5–19.

    Google Scholar 

  480. Warming, M. E. 1878. De l'ovule. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot.5: 177–266.

    Google Scholar 

  481. Warner, E. 1933. The floral development and vascular anatomy of the flower ofLycopersicum esculentum var.cerasiformis. Thesis, Univ. Chicago.

  482. Weibel, R. 1945. La placentation chez les Tiliacées. Candollea10: 155–177.

    Google Scholar 

  483. Willis, J. C. 1948. Dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. Sixth Rev. Ed.

  484. Wilkinson, A. M. 1944. Floral anatomy of some species ofCornus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club71: 276–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  485. — 1948. Floral anatomy and morphology of some species of the tribe Lonicereae of the Caprifoliaceae. Am. Jour. Bot35: 261–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  486. — 1948. Floral anatomy and morphology of some species of the tribe Linnaeae and Sambuceae of the Caprifoliaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.35: 365–371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  487. — 1948. Floral anatomy and morphology of some species of the genusViburnum of the Caprifoliaceae. Am. Jour. Bot.35: 455–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  488. — 1949 Floral anatomy and morphology ofTriosteum and of the Caprifoliaceae in general. Am. Jour. Bot.36: 481–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  489. Wilson, C. L. 1937. The phylogeny of the stamen. Am. Jour. Bot.24: 686–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  490. — 1941. The evolution of the stamen. Chron. Bot6: 245.

    Google Scholar 

  491. — 1942. The telome theory and the origin of stamen. Am. Jour. Bot.29: 759–764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  492. — 1950. Vasculation of the stamen in the Melastomaceae with some phylogenetic implications. Am. Jour. Bot.37: 431–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  493. — andJust, T.. 1939. The morphology of the flower. Bot. Rev.5: 97–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  494. Winkler, H. 1941. Verstehen wir das Gynöceum der Angiospermen schon? Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen27: 242–267.

    Google Scholar 

  495. Woodroof, J. G. andWoodroof, N. C.. 1926. Fruit bud differentiation and subsequent development of the flowers in theHicoria pecan. Jour. Agr. Res.33: 677–685.

    Google Scholar 

  496. — and — 1927. The development of the pecan nut (Hicoria pecan) from flower to maturity. Jour. Agr. Res.34: 1049–1063.

    Google Scholar 

  497. Woodson, R. E., Jr. 1930. Studies in the Apocynaceae. I. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.17: 1–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  498. — andMoore, J. A. 1938. The vascular anatomy and comparative morphology of Apocynaceous flower. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club65: 135–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  499. Worsdell, W. C. 1915. The principles of plant teratology.

  500. Wydler, H. 1859, 1860. Kleinere Beiträge zur Kenntnis einheimischer Gewächse. Flora42: 289–318;43: 17–32, 51–64, 83–96, 114–126, 149–159.

    Google Scholar 

  501. Yen, T. K. 1936. Floral development and vascular anatomy of the fruit ofRibes aureum. Bot. Gaz.98: 105–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Meerut College, Meerut, India

    V. Puri

Authors
  1. V. Puri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This work was done at the Botany Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., while the author was on sabbatic leave in U.S.A. He is thankful to the university authorities for extending to him the facilities and privileges as a Resident Doctor during 1949–50.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Puri, V. The role of floral anatomy in the solution of morphological problems. Bot. Rev 17, 471 (1951). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02882536

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02882536

Keywords

Search

Navigation