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Nickel in plant growth and metabolism

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Summary

The relationship of nickel to plants in regard to absorption, translocation and accumulation and its estimation in plant material has been presented. Nickel is usually absorbed in the ionic form, but is presumably chelated by organic carriers before translocation takes place. Nickel content of various plants has been tabulated. Nickel stimulates, and is as well toxic to, the germination of some seeds. It regulates the mineral metabolism, enzyme activity and several other metabolic processes in plants. It causes mitotic disturbances in root tips of some plants. Nickel salts are the best systemic fungicides. It is used as a fungicide mainly for the control of cereal rusts both because of its protective and eradicative properties. At the nonphytotoxic levels, nickel increases the yield of some crops. High concentrations of nickel cause severe chlorosis and necrosis in plants and a host of other growth abnormalities and anatomical changes. Nickel is not absolutely required for the normal growth and development of plants and, therefore, can not be ranked under the “essential elements”. Nevertheless, it is necessary for the healthy development of some plants (e.g.,Alyssum sp.) where it is considered as an “essential element”.

Zusammen fassung

Die Absorption, Translokation und Akkumulation des Nickels in Bezug auf Pflanzen und sein Nachweis in Pflanzenmaterial werden erörtert. Nickel wird im allgemeinen in Ionenform absorbiert, aber wahrscheinlich wird es durch Chelatbildung an organische Träger gebunden, bevor der Transport in der Pflanze einsetzt. Der Nickelgehalt verschiedener Pflanzen wird in Tabellenform präsentiert. Nickel kann die Keimung einiger Samen stimulieren, kann aber auch toxisch sein. Es reguliert den Mineralstoffwechsel, die Enzymaktivität und verschiedene andere Stoffwechselvorgänge in der Pflanze. Ferner verursacht es mitotische Störungen in den Wurzelspitzen einiger Pflanzen. Nickelsalze sind die besten systemischen Fungizide, die hauptsächlich zur Bekämpfung von Rostkrankheiten an Getreide eingesetzt werden wegen ihrer protektiven und eradikativen Eigenschaften. In nicht phytotoxischen Konzentrationen erhöht Nickel den Ertrag bei einigen Kulturpflanzen. Hohe Nickelkonzentrationen verursachen starke Chlorosen und Nekrosen sowie eine Reihe anderer Wachstumsanomalien und anatomische Veränderungen. Nickel ist für normales Wachstum und für normale Entwicklung der Pflanzen nicht unbedingt erforderlich und kann daher nicht zu den “essentiellen Elementen” gerechnet werden. Dennoch ist es für die gesunde Entwicklung einiger Pflanzen (z.B.Alyssum-Arten) unentbehrlich; dort wird es dann als “essentielles Element” angesehen.

Resumé

Le rapport entre le nickel et les plantes concernant l’absorption, le transport et l’accumulation, ainsi que son estimation dans le matériel végétal, sont ici présentés.

Le nickel est, habituellement, absorbé sous forme ionique mais il est probablement chélaté par des vecteurs organiques avant que le transport ait lieu. Les teneurs en nickel des différentes plantes ont été données sous forme de tableaux.

Le nickel peut aussi bien stimuler qu’être toxique pour la germination de certaines graines. Il joue un rôle dans la régulation du métabolisme minéral de l’activité enzymatique et de plusieurs autres processus métaboliques dans les plantes. Il produit des désordres mitotiques dans l’apex des racines de certaines plantes. Les sels de nickel sont les meilleurs fongicides systémiques. Il est utilisé comme fongicide principalement pour le traitement des rouilles des céréales, aussi bien pour ses propriétés de protection que pour son pouvoir éradicatif. Aux doses non phytotoxiques, le nickel accroit la production de certaines récoltes. De fortes concentrations de nickel causent de sévères chloroses et nécroses dans les plantes ainsi qu’une multitude d’autres anomalies de croissance et de changements anatomiques. Le nickel n’est pas absolument nécessaire pour une croissance et un développement normal des plantes, et c’est pourquoi il ne peut être rangé parmi les “éléments essentiels”. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire pour un développement sain de certaines plantes (par exempleAlyssum sp.), pour lesquelles il est considéré comme un “élément essentiel”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Enzymology Botany Department, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Orissa, India

    D. Mishra & M. Kar

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  1. D. Mishra
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  2. M. Kar
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Listed as Paper No. 10 of the Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Enzymology, Department of Botany, Utkal University.

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Mishra, D., Kar, M. Nickel in plant growth and metabolism. Bot. Rev 40, 395–452 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860020

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