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Interspecific crossability and cytogenetic analysis of sexual progenies of Mexican wild diploid 1EBN speciesSolanum pinnatisectum andS. cardiophyllum

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Abstract

Mexican wild diploid species,Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt) (2n=2x=24, 1EBN: endosperm balance number) is a useful germplasm source of late blight and Colorado potato beetle (CPB) resistance in potato improvement. However, it is very difficult to cross this species with other 1EBNSolanum species. Sexual hybrids among three accessions ofS. pnt and two accessions ofS. cardiophyllum (S. cph) (2n=2x=24, 1EBN) were studied. There were large differences in the cross-compatibility among the genotypes and accessions from these two 2x-1EBN species. Interspecific incompatibility existed in the crosses betweenS. pnt andS. cph, in whichS. cph functioned only as the male parent. The crosses with accessions PI 275236 ofS. pnt produced 35 hybrids following the conventional propagation procedures. Seven hybrids were obtained with theS. pnt accession PI 275233 with the aid of embryo rescue, while hybridization involving accession PI 253214 resulted in no fruit. The cytogenetic analysis indicated that all of the hybrids derived from crosses of accession PI 275233 ofS. pnt withS. cph had 2n = 24 chromosomes and were pollen fertile. Crosses involving accession PI 275236 ofS. pnt produced both 2x (2n=24) and 3x (2n=36) hybrids. Meiotic analysis at metaphase I of pollen mother cells (PMCs) showed a fairly high rate of chromosome pairing that averaged between 10.10 and 11.10 bivalents per cell in most of the 2x hybrids, indicatingS. pnt andS. cph have the similar genome. A high frequency of trivalents and quadrivalents were observed in 3x hybrids derived fromS. pnt 2 ×S. cph 1, indicating homology exists among these chromosomes. These results suggest that specific gene(s) and not either differences between genomes or EBN controlled interspecific crossability and embryo development. The disease and insect tests on the 2x and 3x hybrids revealed that all have high levels of resistance to both late blight and CPB. Thus it could appear that selection of genotypes is a key for successful interspecific hybridization when using Mexican wild diploid species as a source of economic important traits.

Resumen

La especie silvestre diploide mexicana,Solanum pinnatisectum (S. pnt) (2n=2x=24, 1EBN: número de balance del endospermo) es una fuente útil de germoplasma para resistencia al tizón tardío y al escarabajo (Colorado potato beetle: CPB) para el mejoramiento de la papa. Sin embargo, es muy difícil cruzar esta especie con otras especies deSolanum. Se estudiaron los híbridos sexuales entre tres accesiones deS. pnt y dos accesiones deS. cardiophyllum (S.cph) (2n=2x=24, 1 EBN). Hubo grandes diferencias en la compatibilidad de cruzamiento entre los genotipos y accesiones de estas dos especies 2x-1 EBN. Existió incompatibilidad en los cruzamientos entreS. pnt yS. cph, en los cualesS. cph funcionó solamente como progenitor masculino. Los cruzamientos con accesiones PI 275236 deS. pnt produjeron 35 híbridos después de los procedimientos convencionales de propagación. Se obtuvieron siete hibridos con la accesión PI 275233 deS. pnt con la ayuda de rescate de embrión. Mientras que la hibridación que involucró la accesión PI 253214 no produjo frutos. El análisis citogenético indicó que todos los híbridos derivados de cruzamientos de la accesión PI 275233 deS. pnt conS. cph tenían 2n=24 cromosomas y polen fértil. Los cruzamientos involucrando la accesión PI 275236 deS. pnt produjeron los híbridos 2x (2n=24) y 3x (2n=36). El análisis meiótico en la metafase I de las células madre del polen (PMC’s) mostraron una regular tasa alta de apareamiento de cromosomas, cuyo promedio estuvo entre 10.10 y 11.10 bivalentes por célula en la mayoría de los híbridos 2x, indicando queS. pnt yS. cph tienen genomas similares. Se observó una alta frecuencia de trivalentes y cuatrivalentes en hibridos 3x derivados deS. pnt 2xS. cph lx, indicando que existe homología entre estos cromosomas. Estos resultados sugieren que el o los genes específicos y no las diferencias entre genomas o la EBN controlaron el cruzamiento interespecífico y el desarrollo del embrión. Las pruebas para la enfermedad y el insecto en los híbridos 2x y 3x revelaron que todos ellos tienen niveles altos de resistencia a ambos, el tizón tardío y el CPB. Así, puede parecer que la selección de genotipos es la clave para una hibridación interespecífica exitosa cuando se utilizan especies mexicanas silvestres diploides como fuente de caracteristicas económicas importantes.

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Abbreviations

EBN:

endosperm balance number

CPB:

Colorado potato beetle

S. pnt :

Solanum pinnatisectum

S. cph :

S. cardiophyllum

P:

pollination

F:

fruit

S:

seed

S/F:

seed per fruit

NSIGT:

number of seeds in germination test

GSN:

germinated seed number

ER:

embryo rescue

MI:

metaphase I

PMCs:

pollen mother cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, PO Box 3000, TU 4B1, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

    Q. Chen, D. Lynch, H. Y. Li, Y. Shi, H. J. Li & D. Beasley

  2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crop and Livestock Research Centre, 440 University Avenue, C1A 4N6, Charlottetown, PE, Canada

    H. W. (Bud) Platt

  3. Department of Ecology & Genetics, Babes-Bolyai University, Clinicilor Str. 5-7, RO-3400, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    L. Rakosy-Tican

  4. Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding of Crop Plants, 18190, Gross Lusewitz, Germany

    R. Theme

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  1. Q. Chen
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  2. D. Lynch
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Correspondence to Q. Chen.

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Chen, Q., Lynch, D., Platt, H.W.(. et al. Interspecific crossability and cytogenetic analysis of sexual progenies of Mexican wild diploid 1EBN speciesSolanum pinnatisectum andS. cardiophyllum . Am. J. Pot Res 81, 159–169 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853614

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