Abstract
This study on the characteristics of fouling communities in offshore areas south of Hainan Island, northern South China Sea, was conducted at four sites there. At each station, test panels on iron frames were hung on the mooring system at different depths. Data on biofouling were mainly obtained by examination of the fouled test panels. Organisms attached to buoys and anchors were scraped off and examined also. The results showed that the thickness and biomass of marine growth that increased the fluid loading on offshore installations depended to a large extent on hard foulers, i. e. mollusks and acorn barnacles. Algae, hydroids, stalked barnacles and bryozoans were important fouling species. The occurrence frequency and biomass of acorn barnacles decreased with increasing distance from the shore.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chakrabarti, S. K., 1991. Wave forces on offshore structures.In: Herbich J. B. ed., Handbook of Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 2. Gulf Publishing Company, p. 1–54.
Dong, Y., 1982. Marine fouling organisms at Yangpu Harbour.Nanhai Studia Marina Sinica 3: 129–139. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Foster, B. A., 1987. Barnacle ecology and adaptation.In: Southward A. J. ed., Barnacle Biology. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Nertherlands, p. 113–133.
Foster, B. A., Willan, R. C., 1979. Foreign barnacles transported to New Zealand on an oil platform.New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 13: 143–149.
Houghton, D. R., 1978. Marine fouling and offshore structures.Ocean Management 4: 347–352.
Huang, Z. G., Cai, R. X., Jiang, J. X. et al., 1982. Biofouling on the buoys off the Qiongzhou Channel and Leizhou Peninsula coast, South China Sea.Oceanol. Limnol. Sin. 13: 259–266. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Patil, B. T., Gajendragad, M. R., Ranganna, G. et al., 1988. Effects of biofouling and corrosion on concrete structures.In: Thompson, M. F., Sarojini R., Nagabhushanam R. ed., Marine Biodeterioration —Advanced Techniques Applicable to the Indian Ocean. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, p. 715–724.
Wang, J. J., Huang, Z. G., Lin, S. et al., 1990. An ecological study of fouling organisms in Beihai Harbour, Beibu Bay, China.In: Morton B. ed., The Marine Biology of the South China Sea, Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong, p. 167–180.
Wolfram, J., Theophanatos, A., 1985. The effects of marine fouling on the fluid loading of cylinders: some experimental results. Proceedings of 17th Annual Offshore Technology Conference,2: 517–526.
Yan, W. X., Dong, Y., Wang, H. J. et al., 1994a. Methods of marine fouling investigation in offshore areas.Tropic Oceanology 13(4): 81–85. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan, W. X., Dong, Y., Liang, G. H. et al., 1995a. The ecological characteristics of Lepadomorpha in the northern part of the South China Sea.Oceanol. Limnol. Sin. 26: 423–430. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan, Y., Dong, Y., Yan, W. X., 1994b. An ecological study on the biofouling on buoys in Zhanjiang port.Tropic Oceanology 13(2): 68–74. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yan, Y., Yan, W. X., Dong, Y., 1995b. Surveys of fouling-panels in Zhangjiang Bay.Tropic Oceanology 14(3): 81–85. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zheng, C. X., Huang, Z. G., Zhang, L. X. et al., 1984. A preliminary study on the fouling and boring organisms in Langya Bay.Acta Oceanologica Sinica 3: 254–262. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Project supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 860701) and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (No. 871804).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tao, Y., Wen-xia, Y., Guan-he, L. et al. Marine biofouling in offshore areas south of Hainan Island, northern South China Sea. Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol. 18, 132–139 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842572
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02842572