Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Causative agents of nosocomial mycoses

  • Review
  • Published:
Folia Microbiologica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the last few years mycoses have been caused by fungi formerly considered to be harmless for humans. They cause diseases of plants and insects; some of them are also used in the industry. They are now usually called “emerging fungi”. We investigated this flora with respect to their potential to cause infections in hospitals. These fungi are present in the air, on medical objects and instrumentation, in the respiratory tract and on the hands of hospital staff; other sources have been identified in the use of iatrogenic methods. Mycotic diseases, their risk factors, their clinical pictures, and spectra of agents were analyzed in 1990–2000; the results were compared with data in the literature. Transplantations were the most frequent risk factors, fungemia and abscess the most frequent clinical picture and filamentous fungi (generaAbsidia, Acremonium, Alternaria, Apophysomyces, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladophialophora, Cunninghamella, Exserohilum, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Chrysosporium, Lecythophora, Ochroconis, Paecilomyces, Pythium, Rhizopus, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis) were the most frequent agents of nosocomial infections. These filamentous fungi and also some yeasts (generaCandida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon) bring about different clinical syndromes in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aly R., Berger T.: Common superficial fungal infections in patients with AIDS.Clin. Infect. Dis. 22, 128–132 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Andremont A., Lancar R., Le N.A., Hattcleouel J.M, Baron S, Tavakoli T., Daniel M.F.: Secular trends in mortality associated with bloodstream infections in 4268 patients hospitalized in aCancer Referral Center between 1975 and 1989.Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 1, 160–167 (1996).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boden W.E., Fisher A., Medlitros A., Benham J., McEnany M.T.: Bioprosthetic endocarditis due toCryptococcus neoformans.J. Cardiovasc. Surg. (Torino) 24, 164–166 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodey G., Bueltmann, B., Duguid W., Gibbs D., Hank H., Hotchi M.: Fungal infections in cancer patients: an international autopsy survey.Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 11, 99–109 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks R.G.: Prospective study ofCandida endophthalmitis in hospitalized patients with candidemia.Arch. Intern. Med. 149, 2226–2228 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calderone R.A., Braun P.C.: Adherence and receptor relationships ofCandida albicans.Microbiol. Rev. 55, 1–20 (1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colderwood S.B., Swinski L.A., Karchmer A.W., Waternaux C.M., Buckley M.J.: Risk factors for the development of prosthetic valve endocarditis.Circulation 72, 31–37 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman D.C., Bennett D.C., Sulivan D.J., Gallagher P.J., Henman M.C., Shanley D.B., Russel R.J.: OralCandida in HIV infection and AIDS: new perspectives—new approaches.Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 61–82 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Lalla F., Vaglia A., Franzetti M., Manfrin V., Pellizzer G.P., Fabris P.: Cryptococcal pleural effusion as first indicator of AIDS: a case report.Infection 21, 192 (1993).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Kmeťová M., Pilipčinec E., Bračoková I., Dorko F., Danko J., Švický E., Tkáčiková L'.: Rare non-albicans Candida species detected in different clinical diagnoses.Folia Microbiol. 45, 364–368 (2000a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Kmeťová M., Dorko F., Bračoková I., Danko J., Švický E., Tkáčiková L'.: Prevalence ofCryptococcus neoformans in clinical specimens.Folia Microbiol. 45, 369–372 (2000b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Jenča A., Pilipčinec E., Danko J., Švický E., Tkáčiková L'.:Candida-associated denture stomatitis.Folia Microbiol. 46, 443–446 (2001a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Zibrín M., Jenča A., Pilipčinec E., Danko J., Tkáčiková L'.: The histopathological characterization of oralCandida leukoplakias.Folia Microbiol. 46, 447–451 (2001b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Virágová S., Jautová J., Pilipčinec E., Danko J., Švický E., Tkáčiková L'.: Electrophoretic karyotyping ofCandida albicans strains isolated from premature infants and hospital personnel in a neonatal intensive care unit.Folia Microbiol. 46, 453–457 (2001c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorko E., Pilipčinec E., Mahel' M., Virágová S., Bračoková I., Dorko F., Švický E., Danko J., Holoda E., Ondrašović M., Tkáčiková L.: Yeast-like microorganisms in eye infections.Folia Microbiol. 46, 147–150 (2001d).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gangneux J.P., Hannequin C., Labastie M.M., De Chauvib F.:Candida parapsilosis: une cause de plus en plus fréqunte de fongémie nosocomiale.La Presse Méd. 27, 1104 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graningen W., Presteril E., Schneeweiss B., Teleky B., Georgopoulos A.: Treatment ofCandida albicans fungaemia with fluconazole.J. Infect. 26, 133–146 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajjeh R.A., Blumberg H.M.: Bloodstream infection due toTrichosporon beigelii in a burn patient. Case report and review of therapy.Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 913–916 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern M., Szabo S., Hochberg E., Hammer G.S., Lin J., Gurtman A.C., Sacks H.S., Shapiro R.S., Hirschman S.Z.: Renal aspergilloma: an unusual cause of infection in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Amer. J. Med. 92, 437–440 (1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunderson D.K., Edwards J.E., Ishida K., Guze L.B.: Experimental hematogenousCandida endophthalmitis: diagnostic approaches.Infect. Immun. 23, 858–861 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitchckok R.J.I., Pallet A., Hall M.A., Molone P.S.J.: Urinary tract candidiasis in neonates and infants.Rev. Infect. Dis. 7, 630–640 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jautová J., Virágová S., Ondrašović M., Holoda E.: Incidence ofCandida species isolated from human skin and nails: a survey.Folia Microbiol. 46, 333–337 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jemmi M., Jemi-Gharbi H., Zorgui A., Jlidi R., Jemmi L.: Abscés rénal et périrénal et obstruction du tractus urinaire d'origine fongique áTorulopsis glabrata.J. d'Urol. 98, 50–52 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  • Karabinis A., Hill C., Leclerq C., Tancrede C., Baume D., Andre-Mont A.: Risk factor for candidemia in cancer patients: a case-control study.J. Clin. Microbiol. 26, 429–432 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntze J.R., Hermann M.H., Evans S.G.: Genitourinary coccidioidomycosis.J. Urol. 140, 370 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer K.H., Schoenbaum S.C.: Evaluation and management of prosthetic valve endocarditis.Progr. Cardiovasc. Dis. 25, 43–54 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mirdha B.R., Sethi S., Banerjee N.: Prevalence of fungal species with funguria.Indian J. Med. Res. 107, 90–93 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montero A., Cohen J.E., Fernandez M.A., Mazzolini G., Gomez C.R., Perugini J.: Cerebral pseudoallescheriasis due toPseudoallerscheria boydii as the first manifestation of AIDS.Clin. Infect. Dis. 26, 1476–1477 (1998).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pendleburg W.W., Perl D.P., Munoz D.G.: Multiple microabscesses in the central nervous system: a clinico-pathologic study.J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 48, 290–300 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobel J.D., Kauffman C.A., McKinsey D., Zervos M., Vazquez J.A., Karchmer A.W., Lee J., Thomas C., Dismukes W.E.: Candiduria: a randomized, double-blind study of treatment with fluconazole and placebo.Clin. Infect. Dis. 30, 19–24 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomkin J.S., Mils E.L., Giebing G.S., Nelson R.D., Simmons R.L., Quic P.G.: Phagocytosis ofCandida albicans by human leucocyte: opsonic requirements.J. Infect. Dis. 137, 30–37 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trubenová D., Virágová S., Pilipčinec E., Danko J., Švický E., Tkáčiková L'.: Candidaemia in cancer patients and in children in a neonatal intensive care unit.Folia Microbiol. 46, 161–164 (2001).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wey S.B., Mori M., Pfaller M.A., Woolson R.F.: Hospital acquired candidemia. The attributable mortality and excess length of stay.Arch. Intern. Med. 148, 2642 (1988).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise G.J., Kozinn P.J., Goldberg P.: Flucytosine in the management of genitourinary candidiasis: 5 years of experience.J. Urol. 124, 70–72 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wingard J.R.: Importance ofCandida species other thanC. albicans as pathogens in oncology patients.Clin. Infect. Dis. 20, 115–125 (1995).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 305 99, Plzeň, Czechia

    A. Tomšíková

Authors
  1. A. Tomšíková
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tomšíková, A. Causative agents of nosocomial mycoses. Folia Microbiol 47, 105–112 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02817666

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02817666

Keywords

Search

Navigation