Skip to main content
Log in

Visualizing gas evolution on graphite and oxygen-evolving anodes

  • Overview
  • Aluminum Production
  • Published:
Journal of Minerals, Metals and Materials Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recent progress in material science might soon allow the replacement of the consumable carbon anode by an inert material. This is likely to induce changes in the overall process, and particularly in the gas evolution. Video recordings of oxygen-evolving anodes (SnO2, Cu, Cu-Ni) and carbon anodes were performed in laboratory electrolysis cells, using direct observation from above, a see-through cell, and radiography techniques. The gas behavior was very different between the two kinds of anodes, and probably linked to the wettability of the material by the electrolyte.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R.P. Pawlek, “Inert Anodes for the Primary Aluminium Industry: An Update,”Light Metals 1996, ed. W. Hale (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1996), p. 243.

    Google Scholar 

  2. W.E. Haupin, “See-through Hall-Héroult Cell,”Aluminium, 4 (1975), p. 273.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. Xue and H. Øye, “Bubble Behaviour—Cell Voltage Oscillation during Aluminium Electrolysis and the Effects of Sound and Ultrasound,”Light Metals 1995, ed. J. Evans (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1995), p. 265.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Q. Zhuxian et al., “Formation of Metal Fog during Molten Salt Electrolysis Observed in See-through Cell,”J. Appl. Electrochem., 17 (1987), p. 707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. T.A. Utigard, J.M. Toguri, and S.W. Ip, “Direct Observation of the Anode Effect by Radiography,”Light Metals 1988, ed. L.G. Boxall (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1988), p. 703.

    Google Scholar 

  6. T.A. Utigard, H. Costa, and P. Popelar, “Visualization of the Hall-Héroult Process,”Light Metals 1994, ed. U. Mannweiler (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1994), p. 233.

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Solheim et al., “Liquidus Temperature and Alumina Solubility in the System Na3AlF6-AlF3-LiF-CaF2-MgF2,” in Ref. 3, p. 456.

  8. Q. Zhuxian, F. Liman, Shenyang, and K. Grotheim,Aluminium, 5 (1986), p. 341.

    Google Scholar 

  9. T.A. Utigard and J.M. Toguri, “Anode Gas Behaviour during Electrolysis,” in Ref. 3, p. 265.

  10. R.J. Aaberg et al., “The Gas under Anodes in Aluminium Smelting Cells Part II: Gas Volume and Bubble Layer Characteristics,”Light Metals 1997, ed. R. Huglen (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1997), p. 341.

    Google Scholar 

  11. K. Grjotheim et al.,Aluminium Electrolysis: Fundamentals of the Hall-Héroult Process, 2nd edition (Dusseldorf, Germany: Aluminium Verlag, 1982), p. 146.

    Google Scholar 

  12. H. Vogt, “Contribution to the Interpretation of the Anode Effect,”Electrochimica Acta, 42 (1997), p. 2695.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cassayre, L., Utigard, T.A. & Bouvet, S. Visualizing gas evolution on graphite and oxygen-evolving anodes. JOM 54, 41–45 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02701696

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02701696

Keywords

Navigation