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Analysis of solidification microstructures in Fe-Ni-Cr single-crystal welds

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Abstract

A geometric analysis technique for the evaluation of the microstructures in autogenous single-crystal electron beam welds has been previously developed. In the present work, these analytical methods are further extended, and a general procedure for predicting the solidification microstructure of single-crystal welds with any arbitrary orientation is established. Examples of this general analysis are given for several welding orientations. It is shown that a nonsymmetric cell structure is expected in transverse micrographs for most welding geometries. The development of steady-state conditions in the weld pool is also examined in terms of the weld pool size, its shape (as revealed by the dendritic growth pattern), and the size of the dendritic cells. It is found that steady state is established within a few millimeters of the beginning of the weld. Furthermore, steady state is achieved faster in welds made at higher welding speeds. A general analysis of the three-dimensional (3-D) weld pool shape based on the dendritic structure as revealed in the two-dimensional (2-D) transverse micrographs is also developed. It is shown that in combination with information on the preferred growth direction as a function of the solidification front orientation, the entire dendritic growth pattern in single-crystal welds can be predicted. A comparison with the actual weld micrographs shows a reasonable agreement between the theory and experiment. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the dendrite tip radius is extended from binary systems to include the case of ternary systems. The theoretical dendrite trunk spacing in a ternary Fe-Ni-Cr alloy is calculated from the dendrite tip radius and is compared with the experimental values for several weld conditions. Good agreement between experiment and theory is found.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Modeling of Solidification Processes Group, Laboratoire de Métallurgie Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    M. Rappaz (Group Leader)

  2. Materials Joining Group, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN

    S. A. David (Group Leader)

  3. Microscopy and Microanalytical Sciences Group, Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN

    J. M. Vitek (Research Staff Member)

  4. Ceramics and Interfaces Section, Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 37831, Oak Ridge, TN

    L. A. Boatner (Section Head)

Authors
  1. M. Rappaz
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  2. S. A. David
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  3. J. M. Vitek
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  4. L. A. Boatner
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Additional information

Formerly Visiting Scientist, Solid State Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

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Rappaz, M., David, S.A., Vitek, J.M. et al. Analysis of solidification microstructures in Fe-Ni-Cr single-crystal welds. Metall Trans A 21, 1767–1782 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02672593

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02672593

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