Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The effect of steelmaking on the hydrogen attack of carbon steel

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Four normalized carbon steels made in different ways (Si-killed, Al-killed, REM-treated, and electroslag refined) were studied to determine the role of differing fine inclusions on the early stages of hydrogen attack (HA). Hydrogen exposures were made at 450°C (6.5 MPa) and 375°C (7.6 MPa). The first stage of HA is shown to be the development of a closely spaced (1 to 2 µm) array of small bubbles over the ferrite/pearlite, or occasionally the ferrite/ferrite boundaries. These bubbles grew together to form tears, primarily in the rolling plane, leading to more rapid expansion normal to this plane than parallel to it. Fracture planes followed high solute layers in banded steel but only rarely if ever did the fine bubbles form on inclusions. At 450°C REM-treated steel was attacked the fastest and Al-killed steel required exposures two to four times as long for attack.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. G. Shewmon:Met. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 279–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. E. Allen, R. J. Jansen, P. C. Rosenthal, and F. H. Vitovec:Proc. API, 1962, vol. 42, pp. 452–62.

    Google Scholar 

  3. H. M. Shih and H. H. Johnson:Scripta Met., 1977, vol. II, pp. 151–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures in Petroleum Refineries and Petrochemical Plants, API Publ. 941, 2nd ed., June 1977.

  5. H. G. Nelson and R. D. Moorhead: ASTM STP 600, pp. 88–96, ASTM Publication, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1976.

  6. C. R. Levart:Popular Electronics, Aug. 1976, vol. 10, pp. 46–7.

    Google Scholar 

  7. L. C. Weiner:Corrosion, 1961, vol. 17, pp. 137–43.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. T. Ratcliffe:Brit J. Appl. Phys., 1965, vol. 16, pp. 1193–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. A. A. Sagües, B. Okray Hall and H. Wiedersich: Scripta Met. 1978, vol. 12, pp. 319–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. H. A. Wriedt and Hsun Hu:Met Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 711–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. J. W. Flowers and S. P. Karas:J. Appl. Phys., 1967, vol. 38, pp. 1085–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. R. Kiessling:Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel, 2nd ed., Part III, pp. 4–7, The Metals Soc, London, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  13. D. A. Westphal and F. J. Worzala inHydrogen in Metals, ASM, 1974, pp. 78–89.

  14. M. Hasegawa and S. Nomura: J. Iron Steel Inst. Jap., vol. 17, 1977, pp. 187–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Alcoa Research Lab., 15168, New Kensington, PA

    Robert Pishko (Research Engineer)

  2. Metallurgical Engineering Department, Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH

    Marvin McKimpson (Graduate Student) & Paul G. Shewmon (Professor)

Authors
  1. Robert Pishko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marvin McKimpson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Paul G. Shewmon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

formerly Graduate Student at Ohio State University.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pishko, R., McKimpson, M. & Shewmon, P.G. The effect of steelmaking on the hydrogen attack of carbon steel. Metall Trans A 10, 887–894 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02658308

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02658308

Keywords

Search

Navigation