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Mastering by the teacher of the instrumental genesis in CAS environments: necessity of intrumental orchestrations

Ungang der LehrerInnen mit der instrumentalen Genese in CAS-Umgebungen: Notwendigkeit von instrumentalen Orchestrierungen

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Abstract

In this article, we study didactic phenomena identified in integration experiments within our classes, CAS (implemented in calculators). From this study, we show the interest of an instrumental approach to understand the influence of tools on the mathematical approach and on the building of student's knowledge: through a process—instrumental genesis—a calculator becomes a mathematical work tool; this process depends on the tool's constraints and potentialities, on students' knowledge, and on the class' work situations. To analyze the differentiation of instrumental genesis, we then have taken interest in students' behaviour and we propose a method enabling us to constitute a typology of extreme behaviour in environments of symbolic calculators. To take the variety of these genesis into account, the professor needs a particular organization of space and time of the study in the class. We suggest the notion of instrumental orchestration to name this organization. We demonstrate how this notion gives a better definition of the objectives, the configurations and the exploitation modes of different arrangements which aim at constituting coherent instrument systems for each student and for the class.

Kurzreferat

In diesem Beitrag werden didaktische Phänomene diskutiert, die bei der Integration von CAS (implementiert in Taschenrechnern) in den Unterricht auftreten. Basierend auf diesen Untersuchungen wird der Nutzen eines instrumentalen Zugangs für das Verständnis des Einflusses von Werkzeugen auf mathematische Zugänge und für den Aufbau von SchülerInnenwissen gezeigt: durch einen Prozess—instrumentale Genese—wird ein Taschenrechner zu einem mathematischen Werkzeng; dieser Prozess ist abhängig von den Grenzen und Potenzialen dieses Werkzeugs, vom Wissen der SchülerInnen und von den Arbeitssituationen im Unterricht. Für die Analyse von Unterschieden in der instrumentalen Genese wird dann das Verhalten von SchülerInnen untersucht und eine Methode vorgeschlagen, die es ermöglicht, eine Typologie extremer Arbeitsweisen in Umgebungen symbolischer Rechner anzugeben. Eine Berücksichtingung der unterschiedlichen instrumentalen Genesen erfordert vom Lehrer bzw. der Lehrerin eine besondere Organisation von Raum und Zeit der Arbeit im Unterricht. Es wird vorgeschlagen diese Organisation als instrumentale Orchestrierung zu bezeichnen. In der Folge wird gezeigt, wie eine solche Vorstellung eine bessere Definition der Ziele, der Strukturen und der Umsetzungsformen verschiedener Anordnungen ermöglicht, die darauf abzielen, für jede/n SchülerIn kohärente Systeme von Instrumenten zu schaffen.

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Guin, D., Trouche, L. Mastering by the teacher of the instrumental genesis in CAS environments: necessity of intrumental orchestrations. Zentralblatt für Didaktik der Mathematik 34, 204–211 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02655823

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