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A three dimensional representation of fluid flow induced in ladles or holding vessels by the action of liquid metal jets

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Abstract

A three dimensional flow model is proposed for describing the recirculatory flow patterns generated by coherent jets of metal entering ladles or holding vessels. Based on previous lam-inar and turbulent flow models1,2 developed for axisymmetric conditions, it was decided that a transient three dimensional, laminar flow model was best suited to predict the effect of jet angle, jet location and ladle aspect ratio on resulting flow patterns. It is shown that the ladle’s shape and the jets location and entry angle are critical in establishing the nature of the recirculating flow patterns, and that in some instances, surface flow along the minor axis can reverse.

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Abbreviations

g x, gy, gz :

body force components

H t,x,y :

heights of bath at timet, and distancesx,y

I, J, K :

current mesh point coordinates

NI, NT, NK :

number of mesh points inx,z,y-directions

p :

pressure

P A :

atmospheric pressure

t :

time

T :

total tapping time

u :

velocity component in thex-direction

v :

velocity component in thez-direction

V j :

jet velocity at the surface

W :

velocity component in they-direction

x,y,z :

cartesian coordinates

Δ:

differential operator

Δx, Δy, Δz :

discrete spatial increments

γ :

kinematic viscosity┐

References

  1. M. Salcudean and R. I. L. Guthrie:Met. Trans. B, 1978, vol. 9B, pp. 181–89.

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  2. M. Salcudean and R. I. L. Guthrie:Met. Trans. B, 1978, vol. 9B, pp. 673–80.

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  3. M. Tanaka: Private Communications, McGill University, 1977–78.

  4. A. D. Gosman, B. E. Launder, and J. E. Whitelaw: Lecture Notes, McGill University, Aug. 4–6, 1976.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIN 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Martha Salcudean (Associate Professor)

  2. Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec

    Roderick I. L. Guthrie (Associate Professor)

Authors
  1. Martha Salcudean
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  2. Roderick I. L. Guthrie
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Salcudean, M., Guthrie, R.I.L. A three dimensional representation of fluid flow induced in ladles or holding vessels by the action of liquid metal jets. Metall Trans B 10, 423–428 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652515

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02652515

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