Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermal diffusion in kinetic and equilibrium measurements by levitation technique

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This manuscript reports an experimental investigation of thermal diffusion using a levitated iron droplet and the binary gas H2-H2S. A range of temperatures, gas flow rates, and compositions were studied. Interpretation of the rate data for sulfurization and desulfurization of the iron showed a pronounced effect of thermal diffusion on rate and equilibrium measurements. A rate expression which accounts for thermal diffusion has been developed and shown to agree with experiment for sulfurization and desulfurization. Equilibrium data in the literature have been corrected for thermal diffusion error using this expression. These corrected equilibria are in better agreement with data found using crucible techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. Murarka, A. E. Hamielec, M. E. Fraser, and W-K. Lu:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 817.

    Google Scholar 

  2. 0. Muck: German Patent, 1923, NO. 422004.

  3. E. C. Okress, D. M. Wroughton, G. Comenetz, P. H. Brace, and J. C. R. Kelly:J. Appl. Phys., 1952, vol. 23, p. 545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. W. A. Peifer:J. Metals, 1965, vol. 17, p. 487.

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Kershaw: Ph.D. Thesis, 1968, McMaster University.

  6. F. C. L. Larche: M.Sc. Thesis, 1968, McMaster University.

  7. J. G. Dondelinger: M.Sc. Thesis, 1969, McMaster University.

  8. G. W. Toop and F. D. Richardson: Proc. Symp. Advances in Extractive Metal-lurgy, Inst. Mining and Metallury, 1967, p. 181.

  9. L. A. Baker, N. A. Warner, and A. E. Jenkins:Tram. TMS-AIME, 1964, vol. 230, p. 1228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. L. A. Baker, N. A. Warner, and A. E. Jenkins:Tram. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, p. 857.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. P. A. Distin, G. D. Hallett, and F. D. Richardson:J. Iron Steel Inst, 1968, vol. 206, p. 821.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P. A. Distin and S. G. Whiteway:Can. Met. Quart., 1970, vol. 9, p. 419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. R. S. Kaplan and W. O. Philbrook:Tram. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, p. 2195.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. R. Baker:J. Iron Steel Inst, 1967, vol. 205, p. 637.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. A. Baker and R. G. Ward:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1967, vol. 205, p. 714.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. J. Chipman and S. Ban-ya:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1968, vol. 242, p. 940.

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. H. Furry, R. C. Jones, and L. Onsager:Phys. Rev., 1939, vol. 55, p. 1083.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Sunderland: Ph.D. Thesis, 1971, McMaster University.

  19. B. Harris and A. E. Jenkins:J. Sci. Instr., 1959, vol. 36, p. 238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. J. A. Kitchener, A. Liberman, and D. A. Spratt:Analyst., 1951, vol. 76, p. 509.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. W. E. Ranz and W. R. Marshall:Chem. Eng. Progr., 1952, vol. 48, p. 141 and p. 173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. L. Steinberger and R. E. Treybal:A. I. Ch. E. J., 1960, vol. 6, p. 227.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. K. Vig and W. K. Lu:J. Iron Steel Inst., 1971, vol. 209, p. 630.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. V. V. Averin, A. Y. Polyakov, and A. M. Samarin:Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Otd. Tekhu Nauk., 1955, vol. 3, p. 90.

    Google Scholar 

  25. N. A. Gokcen, G. R. Belton and E. S. Tankins:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1964, vol. 203, p. 820.

    Google Scholar 

  26. T. P. Floridis and J. Chipman:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1958, vol. 212, p. 549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Kontopoulos: Ph.D. Thesis, 1971, McMaster University.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sheffield Polytechnic, Sheffield, England

    M. Sunderland (Lecturer)

  2. mMcMaster University, Sheffield, England

    A. E. Hamielec (Professor of Chemical Engineering) & W. K. Lu (Associate Professor of Metallurgy and Materials Science)

  3. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    A. McLean (Associate Professor of Metallurgy)

Authors
  1. M. Sunderland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. E. Hamielec
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. W. K. Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. McLean
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Formerly Graduate Student, Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sunderland, M., Hamielec, A.E., Lu, W.K. et al. Thermal diffusion in kinetic and equilibrium measurements by levitation technique. Metall Trans 4, 575–583 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648712

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02648712

Keywords

Search

Navigation