Skip to main content
Log in

Studies of the metabolism of separated bone cells

I. Techniques of separation and identification

  • Original Papers
  • Published:
Calcified Tissue Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The mechanical separation of rat skeletal tissue into viable populations of periosteal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and marrow cells has been undertaken. Periosteal cells and osteocytes were obtained as tissue preparations, while osteoblasts and marrow cells were isolated as individual cells. The cell populations were identified during the preparative procedure by their histological and histochemical appearance. Viability of these preparations was demonstrated by their metabolic activity during short-term incubations and their histological appearance and vital staining before and after such incubations. The cell populations produced carbon dioxide and lactate, consumed oxygen, and incorporated uridine into RNA. Comparison of uridine incorporation into RNA of cells from control and parathyroid hormone treated rats was compatible with a differential effect of parathyroid hormone on the cell populations. These findings indicate that the technique described can be utilized to produce viable bone cells of different types, and may offer a new means for characterizing the role of each cell type in the metabolism of skeletal tissue.

Résumé

La séparation mécanique du tissu squelettique du rat en cellules périostées, en ostéoblastes, en ostéocytes et en cellules de la moelle a été réalisée. Les cellules périostées et les ostéocytes ont été obtenues sous forme de préparations tissulaires, alors que les cellules ostéoblastiques et celles de la moelle ont été isolées sous forme de cellules individuelles. Les populations cellulaires sont identifiées par leurs caractères histologiques et histochimiques. La vitalité de ces préparations est věrifiée par leur activité métabolique pendant des incubations de courte durée et des examens. histologiques et des colorations vitales, réalisés avant et après incubation. Les cellules produisent du gaz carbonique et du lactate, consomment de l’oxygène et incorporent l’uridine en RNA. La comparaison de l’incorporation d’uridine en RNA de cellules de rats témoins et de rats traités par hormone parathyroïdienne concorde avec une action différentielle de la parathormone sur les divers types de cellules. Il semble que la technique décrite permette de produire des cellules osseuses vivantes de divers types et fournit ainsi le moyen d’élucider le rôle métabolique de chaque type cellulaire du squelette.

Zusammenfassung

Die mechanische Trennung von Rattenskelett-Gewebe in lebensfähige Populationen von Periost-Zellen, Osteoblasten, Osteozyten und Markzellen ist unternommen worden. Die Periostzellen und Osteozyten wurden als Gewebepräparate erhalten, während die Osteoblasten und Markzellen als individuelle Zellen isolier wurden. Die Zell-Populationen wurden während des Herstellungsverfahrens histologisch und histochemisch identifiziert. Die Lebensfähigkeit dieser Präparate wurde festgestellt durch ihre metabolishe Aktivität während Kurzzeit-Inkubationen und durch ihr histologisches Aussehen sowie durch Vitalfärbung vor und nach solchen Inkubationen. Die Zellpopulationen produzierten Kohlendioxyd und Lactat, verbrauchten Sauerstoff und bauten Uridin in RNS ein. Der Vergleich zwischen Uridineinbau in RNS von Zellen aus Kontrolltieren und aus mit Parathormon behandelten Ratten war mit der Differentialwirkung von Parathormon auf die Zellpopulationen vereinbar. Diese Befunde deuten darauf hin, daß die beschriebene Technik benützt werden kann, um verschiedene Typen von lebensfähigen Knochenzellen zu produzieren und daß sie einen neuen Weg öffnen kann, um die Rolle jedes Zelltyps im Stoffwechsel des Skelettgewebes zu charakterisieren.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barker, S. B., Summerson, W. N.: The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. J. biol. Chem.138, 535–554 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, P. J., Brazell, I. A., Owen, M.: The effect of parathyroid extract on on cellular activity and plasma calcium levelsin vivo. J. Endocr.45, 387–400 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borle, A. B., Nichols, N., Nichols, G., Jr.: Metabolic studies of bonein vitro. I. Normal bone. J. biol. Chem.235, 1206–1210 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burstone, M. S.: Histochemical comparison of naphthol-AS-phosphates for the demonstration of phosphatases. J. nat. Cancer Inst.20, 601–615 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohn, D. V., Forscher, B. K.; Aerobic metabolism of gluycose by bone. J. biol. Chem.237, 615–618 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deiss, W. P., Jr., Holmes, L. B., Johnston, C. C., Jr.: Bone matrix biosynthesisin vitro. I. Labeling of hexosamine and collagen of normal bone. J. biol. Chem.237, 3555–3559 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field, J.; Respiration of tissue slices. Meth. med. Res.1, 289–307 (1948).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch, S. M., Harkness, M. L. R., Harkness, R. D.: Extraction of collagen from tissues. Nature (Lond.)176, 163 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, B., Nichols, G., Jr.: The metabolism of cells isolated from bone. Fed. Proc.22, 553 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullmer, H. M., Link, C. C., Jr., Baer, M. J.: A stain for bone illustrating apposition and absorption in two colors. Stain Technol.39, 71–73 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gesinski, R. M., Morrison, J. H., Toepfer, J. R.: Measurement of oxygen consumption of rat bone marrow cells by a polarographic method. J. appl. Physiol.24, 751–754 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Girardi, A. J., McMichael, H., Henle, W.: The use of Hela cells in suspension for the quantitative study of virus propagation. Virology2, 532–544 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedeskov, C. J., Esmann, V.: Respiration and glycolysis of normal human lymphocytes. Blood28, 163–174 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hepp, D., Challoner, D. R., Williams, R. H.: Respiration in isolated fat cells and the effects of epinephrine. J. biol. Chem.243, 2321–2327 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. B., Pesch, L. A.: Respiratory activity of intact, isolated parenchymal cells from rat liver. J. biol. Chem.243, 3105–3109 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilienthal, J. L., Zierler, K. L., Folk, B. P., Buka, R., Riley, M. J.: A reference base and system for analysis of muscle constitutents. J. biol. Chem.182, 501–508 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. S., Farr, A. L., Randell, R. J.: Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J. biol. Chem.193, 265–275 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mateyko, G. M., Kopac, M. J.: Cytophysical studies on living normal and neoplastic cells. I. Separation into isolated populations. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.105, 185–218 (1963).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munro, H. N., Fleck, A.: The determination of nucleic acids. Meth. biochem. Anal.14, 113–176 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nachlas, M. M., Tsou, K. C., De Souz, E., Cheng, C. S., Seligman, A. M.: Cytochemical demonstration of succinic dehydrogenase by the use of a new p-nitrophenyl substitute ditetrazole. J. Histochem. Cytochem.5, 420–436 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nichols, G.; Collagen biosynthesis in bone. In: Structure and function of connective and skeletal tissue (ed. S. F. Jackson), p. 263–277. London: Butterworths 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Park, H. Z., Talmage, R. V.: Relation of endogenous parathyroid secretion to3H-Cytidine incorporation into bone cells. Endocrinology80, 552–560 (1967).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park, H. Z., Talmage, R. V.: Comparison of the effects of calcium and endogenous parathyroid hormone on RNA synthesis in rat bone. In: Parathyroid hormone and thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin). Proc. 3rd Parathyroid Conference (R. V. Talmage and L. F. Belanger, eds.), New York: Exerpta Medica Foundation p. 203–215. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, W. A., Birge, S. J., Fedak, S. A.: Bone cells: biochemical and biological studies after enzymatic isolation. Science146, 1476–1477 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raisz, L. B., Nieman, E.: Early effects of parathyroid hormone and thyrocalcitonin on bone in organ culture. Nature (Lond.)214, 486–487 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, G., Thannhauser, S. J.: A method for the determination of desoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and phosphoproteins in animal tissues. J. biol. Chem.161, 83–89 (1945).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, W. N., Stadie, W. C.: Coexistence of insulin-responsive and insulin non-responsive glycolytic systems in rat diaphragm. J. biol. Chem.227, 115–134 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, J., Nichols, G., Jr.: Synthesis of ribonucleic acid in normal bonein vitro. Biochem. J.105, 843–856 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trudeau, D. L., Freier, E. F.: Determination of calcium in urine and serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Clin. Chem.13, 101–114 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This investigation was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant AM 11324. A preliminary report of a portion of this work has been published (Smith, D.M., Johnston, C. C., Jr., Severson, A. R., Bell, N.: Clin. Res.,18, 626 (1970).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Smith, D.M., Johnston, C.C. & Severson, A.R. Studies of the metabolism of separated bone cells. Calc. Tis Res. 11, 56–69 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546595

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02546595

Key words

Navigation