Abstract
The use of naturally functionalized triglyceride oils in interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) is reviewed. An oil bearing either hydroxyl or epoxide functionality may be crosslinked to form a soft elastomer in the presence of another monomer or network to form an IPN, or in the presence of a linear polymer, to form a semi-IPN. Polymerization and characterization of naturally functionalized triglyceride oils are mentioned, with emphasis on the distribution and effect of nontrifunctional triglycerides on elastomer properties. The simultaneous synthesis of polystyrene/functional triglyceride oil IPNs is reviewed, and several factors influencing IPN morphology and mechanical properties are discussed. The synthesis and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/functional triglyceride oil semi-IPNs are emphasized, with the importance of ester interchange in the synthetic procedure, and factors influencing crystallinity and morphology are introduced.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sperling, L.H., C.E. Carraher, S.P. Qureshi, J.A. Manson and L.W. Barrett, inPolymers from Biotechnology, edited by C.G. Gebelein, Plenum Press, New York, 1991.
Sperling, L.H., J.A. Manson and M.A. Linné,J. Polym. Mater. 1:54 (1984).
Linné, M.A., L.H. Sperling, A.M. Fernandez, S. Qureshi and J.A. Manson, inRubber Modified Thermoset Resins, edited by C.K. Riew, and J.K. Gillham, Advances in Chemistry Series No. 208, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1984).
Sperling, L.H., and J.A. Manson,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 60:1887 (1983).
Sperling, L.H., J.A. Manson, S.A. Qureshi and A.M. Fernandez,Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 20;163 (1981).
Sperling, L.H., N.A. Devia, J.A. Manson and A. Conde, inModification of Polymers, edited by C.E. Carraher, Jr., and M. Tsuda, ACS Symposium Series No. 121, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1980.
Devia, N., J.A. Manson, L.H. Sperling and A. Conde,Macromolecules 12:360 (1979).
Devia-Manjarres, N., A. Conde, G.M. Yenwo, J.E. Pulido, J.A. Manson and L.H. Sperling,Polym Eng. & Sci. 17:294 (1977).
Yenwo, G.M., J.A. Manson, J. Pulido, L.H. Sperling, A. Conde and N. Devia,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 21:1531 (1977).
Ramos, L.C.D., J.S. Tango, A. Savi and N.R. Leal,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:1841 (1984).
Vasishtha, A.K., R.K. Trivedi and G. Das, Ibid.:333 (1990).
Perdue, R.E., Jr.,Agric. Eng., May/June 1989.
Carlson, K.D., and S.P. Chang,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 62:934 (1985).
Roetheli, J.C., L.K. Glaser and R.D. Brigham,Castor: Assessing the Feasibility of U.S. Production, Summary of USDA/Texas A&M University Workshop, Plainview, Texas, September 18–19, 1990.
Earle, F.E.,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 47:510 (1970).
Krewson, C.F., Ibid.:250 (1968).
Ayorinde, F.O., K.D. Carlson, R.P. Pavlik and J. McVety, Ibid.:512 (1990).
Fernandez, A.M., J.A. Manson and L.H. Sperling, inRenewable Resource Materials: New Polymer Sources, edited by C.E. Carraher, Jr., and L.H. Sperling, Plenum Press, New York, 1986.
Ayorinde, F.O., J. Clifton, Jr., O.A. Afolabi and R.L. Shepard,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 65:942 (1988).
Ayorinde, F.O., B.D. Butler and M.T. Clayton, Ibid.:844 (1990).
Siddiqi, S.F., F. Ahmad, M.S. Siddiqi, S.M. Osman and G.R. Fenwick, Ibid.:798 (1984).
Ayorinde, F.O., G. Osman, R.L. Shepard and F.T. Powers, Ibid.:1774 (1988).
Ayorinde, F.O., F.T. Powers, L.D. Streete, R.L. Shepard and D.N. Tabi, Ibid.:690 (1989).
Dirlikov, S.K., I. Frischinger, M.S. Islam, and J. Graham,Polym. Mat. Sci. Eng. 62:217 (1990).
Frischinger, I., and S.K. Dirlikov, Ibid.:178 (1991).
Sears, J.K., and J.R. Darby,The Technology of Plasticizers, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1982.
Chung, J.Y.J., J.D. Jones and H.M. Li, U.S. Patent 4,539,352 (1985).
Wypych, J., inPolyvinyl Chloride Stabilization, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1986.
Cuadrado, T.R., and R.J.J. Williams,Polymer Comm. 30:239 (1989).
Riser, G.R., J.J. Hunter, J.S. Ard and L.P. Witnauer,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 39:266 (1962).
Röbbelen, G.R., R.K. Downey and A. Ashri,Oil Seed Crops of the World, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1989.
Silverstein, R.M., G.C. Bassler and T.C. Morrill,Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds, 4th edn., Wiley, New York, 1981.
Wolff, I.A., and T.K. Miwa,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 42:208 (1964).
Murphy, C.J., R.L. Texter and A.M. Blanchard,Proc. Pa. Acad. Sci. 61:92 (1987).
Afolabi, O.A., M.E. Aluko, G.C. Wang, W.A. Anderson and F.O. Ayorinde,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 66:983 (1989).
Yenwo, G.M., L.H. Sperling, J.E. Pulido, J.A. Manson and A. Conde,Polym. Eng. & Sci. 17:251 (1977).
Devia-Manjarres, N., J.A. Manson, L.H. Sperling and A. Conde, Ibid.:200 (1978).
Binder, R.G., T.H. Applewhite, G.O. Kohler and L.A. Goldblatt,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 39:513 (1962).
Swern, D., inBailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, 3rd edn., edited by D. Swern, Wiley Interscience, New York, Chapter 1, 1964.
Moreau, R.A., K.D.F. Liu and A.H.C. Huang,Plant Physiol. 65:1176 (1980).
Fernandez, A.M., C.J. Murphy, M.T. DeCrosta, J.A. Manson and L.H. Sperling, inPolymer Applications of Renewable Resource Materials, edited by C.E. Carraher and L.H. Sperling, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
Odian, G.,Principles of Polymerization, 2nd edn., Wiley Interscience, New York, 1981, p. 119.
Sperling, L.H.,Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1986, p. 343.
Wolf, B.A., inPolymer Handbook, 2nd edn., edited by J. Brandup, and E.H. Immergut, Wiley Interscience, New York, Chapter IV, Section 40, 1974.
Sperling, L.H., inInterpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials, Plenum Press, New York, 1981.
Utracki, L.A., inInterpenetrating Polymer Networks, edited by D. Klempner, L.H. Sperling and L.A. Utracki, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series 239, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993, in press.
Erhan, S.M., and R. Kleiman,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 67:670 (1990).
Suthar, B., N. Parikh and N. Patel,Polym. Int. 25(3):173 (1991).
Rajalingam, P., and G. Radhakrishnan, Ibid.:87 (1991).
Patel, N., and B. Suthar,Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 29(5,6):535 (1990).
Tan, P.,PMSE Preprints 65:182 (1991).
Tan, P., and H. Zie,Hecheng Xiangjiao Gongye 7:180 (1984).
Liang, J.L., H.T. Liu, W.H. Ku and G.M. Wang,Abstracts IUPAC International Symposium on Polymers and Advanced Technologies, Jerusalem, Israel, August, 1987.
Song, M., and Z. Donghua,Plastics Industry (P.R.C.) 2:42 (1987).
Rajalingham, P., and G. Radhakrishnan,Abstract for poster session, International Symposium on Multiphase Macromolecular Systems, American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 14th Biennial Meeting, San Diego, California, November, 1988.
Afolabi, O.A., M.E. Aluko, G.C. Wang, W.A. Anderson and F.O. Ayorinde,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 66:983 (1989).
Qureshi, S.A., J.A. Manson, L.H. Sperling and C.J. Murphy, inPolymer Applications of Renewable Resource Materials, edited by C.E. Carraher, Jr., and L.H. Sperling, Plenum Press, New York, 1983.
Klempner, D., L.H. Sperling and L.A. Utracki (eds.),Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series No. 239, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1193, in press.
Manson, J.A., and L.H. Sperling,Polymer Blends and Composites, Plenum Press, New York, 1976.
Jordhamo, G.M., J.A. Manson and L.H. Sperling,Polym. Eng. & Sci. 26:517 (1986).
Patel, P., T. Shah and B. Suthar,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 40:1037 (1990).
Patel, P., and B. Suthar,Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 28:1 (1989).
Patel, P., M. Patel and B. Suthar,Brit. Polym. J. 20:525 (1988).
Patel, P., and B. Suthar,Polym. Eng. & Sci. 28:901 (1988).
Plastics Technology, 1991, p. 62.
Rigby, P.J.,Modern Plastics 676(11):50 (1990).
Barrett, L.W., L.H. Sperling, J. Gilmer and S.G. Mylonakis, inInterpenetrating Polymer Networks, edited by D. Klempner, L.H. Sperling, and L.A. Utracki, ACS Advances in Chemistry Series 239, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1993, in press.
Barrett, L.W., and L.H. Sperling,Polym. Eng. Sci., 1993, in press.
Barrett, L.W., G.S. Ferguson and L.H. Sperling,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed. 31:1287 (1993).
Barrett, L.W., O.L. Shaffer and L.H. Sperling,J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1993, in press.
Barrett, L.W., L.H. Sperling, J. Gilmer and S.G. Mylonakis,Ibid., 1993, in press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Barrett, L.W., Sperling, L.H. & Murphy, C.J. Naturally functionalized triglyceride oils in interpenetrating polymer networks. J Am Oil Chem Soc 70, 523–534 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02542588
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02542588