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Microfacies and diagenesis of lower and middle cretaceous carbonate rocks of NW-Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Trnovo area)

Mikrofazies und Diagenese unter- und mittelkretazischer Karbonatgesteine von NW-Jugoslawien (Slowenien, Trnovo)

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Summary

A profile of about 1400 m thickness near the village of Trnovo in the Trnovo forest in SW-Slovenia was studied for the microfacies and diagenetic development of the carbonate rocks. Because of the detailed biostratigraphic subdivision being just in improvement, the interval from the problematic Jurassic/Cretaceous to the Tertiary boundary (Berriasian-Cenomanian, fault, Senonian) was subdivided into ten zones and several subzones. These subdivisions are of practical use and can be found in profiles studied in other areas of SW-Slovenia and Istria as well. The data are based on field observations, thin sections and acetate peels.

The following development can be recognized: (1) During the Berriasian(?)-Hauterivian a shallow-marine to intertidal restricted environment was established on the coherent Dinaric Carbonate Platform. This is indicated by low faunal diversity and numbers as well as the common occurrence of marine and meteoric vadose cements, birdseyes and algal-layers.Clypeina jurassica, Bankia striata, Favreina salevensis, and trocholinid foraminifera are chacteristic of the lowermost part (Uppermost Jurassic?, Berriasian-Valanginian) of this section. (2) In the Barremian-Aptian a lagoonal environment with patch reefs was established, characterized by normal marine conditions. High faunal and floral diversity and large numbers occur (hydrozoans, corals,Palorbitolina lenticularis, Salpingoporella dinarica). During this time period the platform was divided into smaller tectonic units with different facies development. (3) An open marine ingression from the Slovenian Basin occurred in the Albian, indicated by dolomitic limestones rich in sponge spicules and silica nodules and layers. (4) In the Cenomanian, mainly bioclastic sands (rich inOrbitolina conica) and micritic limestones (withPithonella) were deposited in alternation with micrites rich in ostracods and limestones containing birdseyes, vugs, and microsparite. This indicates a strong interfingering of different facies on a gently dipping ramp, probably due to sea level fluctuations. (5) The Turonian is missing in the section analyzed due to a fault. (6) In the Senonian bioclastic sands rich in fragments ofSabinia sp. were deposited around rudist mud mounds formed in inner shelf areas under normal marine conditions. Eocene flysch overlies the sequence and influences it diagenetically by silica authigenesis in the upper decimeters of the underlying limestones.

Zusammenfassung

Im SW-Slowenien wurden die Mikrofazies und Diagenese eines ca 1400 m mächtigen Kreide-Profils (Berrias-Senon) nahe der Ortschaft Trnovo im Ternowaner Wald untersucht. Die detaillierte biostratigraphische Untergliederung wird zur Zeit von slowenischen Kollegen durchgeführt. Aus praktischen Gründen wird daher in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Untergliederung des Intervalls in zehn Zonen und mehrere Subzonen vorgenommen, die auch in anderen in SW-Slowenien und in Istrien untersuchten Profilen nachgewiesen werden können. Die vorliegenden Daten wurden aus Geländebeobachtungen, Dünnschliffen und Folienabzügen abgeleitet. Folgende Entwicklung ist zu erkennen. (1) Während des Barrias (?)-Hauterive herrschte ein flachmarines bis intertidales Environment auf der Dinarischen Karbonatplattform. Die geringdiverse Fauna und wenige Individuen belegen dies ebenso wie marin- und meteorisch-vadose Zemente sowie Fenstergefüge und Algen-Lagen.Clypeina jurassica, Bankia striata, Favreina salevensis und trocholinide Foraminiferen sind charakteristisch für den untersten Teil dieser Folge (Oberstes Tithon?, Berrias-Valendis). (2) Im Barreme-Apt bildete sich unter normal marinen Bedingungen ein lagunäres Milieu mit Patch-Riffen aus. Große Faunen- und Florendiversität und Individuenzahlen werden gefunden (Hydrozoen, Korallen,Palorbitolina lenticularis, Salpingoporella dinarica, Milioliden). In dieser Zeit zerbrach die Dinarische Karbonatplattform in kleinere tektonische Einheiten, auf denen unterschiedliche Faziesentwikklungen stattfanden. (3) Während des Alb wurden zeitweise schwach dolomitische Kalke mit zahlreichen Schwammnadeln und Kieselknollen und Hornsteinlagen gebildet, die eine offen marine Ingression vom Slowenischen Trog her belegen. (4) Im Cenoman wurden subtidale bioklastische Sande (häufigOrbitolina conica) und mikritische Kalke (mit Pithonellen) in Wechsellagerung mit Ostrakoden-Biomikriten und Kalken mit Fenstergefügen, vugs und Mikrosparit gefunden. Daraus ergibt sich eine durch Meeresspiegelschwankungen bedingte starke Faziesverzahnung auf einer schwach geneigten Rampe. (5) Das Turon fällt an einer Störung aus. (6) Im Senon treten bioklastische Sande mit zahlreichen Bruchstücken vonSabinia sp. auf. Sie wurden nahe bei Rudisten-mudmounds auf dem Innenschelf unter normal marinen Bedingungen abgelagert. Die Folge ist von eozänem Flysch bedeckt, der die oberen Dezimeter der Kreide-Kalke mit Quarz-Authigenese diagenetisch beeinflußt.

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  1. Institut für Paläontologie, Loewenichstraße 28, D-8520, Erlangen

    Roman Koch

  2. Geološki Zavod, Dimičeva 16, Y-6100, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

    Bojan Ogorelec &  Sascha Orehek

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Koch, R., Ogorelec, B. & Orehek, S. Microfacies and diagenesis of lower and middle cretaceous carbonate rocks of NW-Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Trnovo area). Facies 21, 135–169 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536834

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