Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Activation analysis of mercury in environmental samples

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Neutron-activation analysis has been applied to the determination of mercury in a variety of environmental samples (Table 11) and so far has played an important role in the environmental research concerned with mercury pollution.

The virtues of this method as its high sensitivity, applicability to various samples make the method attractive.

On the other hand the high cost, limited availability of irradiation facilities, the time consumming analysis (due to irradiation and cooling) are important drawbacks and limit the use of the method, particularly in routine work. With the development of flameless atomic absorption mercury determination is more and more carried out with the aid of the latter technique. It seems, however, that activation analysis will remain a reference method and an anchorage in the cases when other methods fail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. CHILOV, Talanta, 22 (1975) 205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. S. REIMERS, W. D. BURROW, P. A. KRENKEL, J. Wat. Pollut. Contr. Fed., 45 (1973) 814.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. A. BAKER, Wat. Sewage Wks., 118 (1971) IW/21; A. A., 22 (1972) No. 1926.

    Google Scholar 

  4. L. VIGNOLI, R. BADRE, M. C. MOSET, J. ARDORINO, Chim. Anal., 45 (1963) 53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. F. UTHE, F. A. J. ARMSTRONG, Tox. Env. Chem. Rev., 2 (1974) 45; A. A., 29 (1975) No 4 D 14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C. G. LAMM, J. RUŽIČKA, Mercury Contamination in Man and His Environment, IAEA, Techn. Rept. Ser. No. 137, Vienna, 1972, p. 111.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. H. FILBY, K. R. SHAH, Tox. Env. Chem. Rev., 2 (1974) 1; A. A., 29 (1975) No. 541.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T. WESTERMARK, K. LJUNGGREN, Mercury Contamination in Man and His Environment, IAEA, Techn. Rept. Ser., No. 137, Vienna, 1972, p. 99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. WESTERMARK, B. SJOESTRAND, Adv. Activ. Anal., 2 (1972) 58, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. M. A. LENIHAN, H. SMITH, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Activation Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1967, p. 601.

  11. W. ŻMIJEWSKA, B. P. O. Pestycydy, 1 (1972) 27.

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. I. ALIEV, V. I. DRINKIN, D. I. LEIPUNSKAYA, V. A. KASATKIN, Yadernofizicheskoe Konstanti dla Neutronnogo Aktivatsionnogo Analiza, Atomizdat, Moskva, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G. ERDTMAN, W. SOYKA, Die γ-Linien der Radionuklide, Jül-1003-AC, 1974.

  14. H. A. DAS, J. G. VAN RAAPHORST, D. HOEDE, J. Zonderhuis, Intern. J. Appl. Rad. Isotopes, 17 (1966) 252.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. H. AL. SAHRISTANI, K. ABBAS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 27 (1975) 57.

    Google Scholar 

  16. E. GRUBER, Z. Anal. Chem., 263 (1973) 194.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. S. MAY, D. PICCOT, G. PINTE, J. Radioanal. Chem., 27 (1975) 353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. A. DAS, H. A. VAN DER SLOOT, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Technìques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 309.

  19. A. R. BYRNE, M. DERMELJ, L. KOSTA, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna 1971, p. 415.

  20. R. M. ROSAIN, C. M. WAI, Anal. Chim. Acta, 65 (1973) 279.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. H. V. WEISS, K. CHEW, Anal. Chim. Acta, 67 (1973) 444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C. FELDMAN, Anal. Chem., 46 (1974) 99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. C. McFARLAND, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 16 (1973) 47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. V. COYNE, J. A. COLLINS, Anal. Chem., 44 (1972) 1093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. BENEŠ, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 35 (1970) 1349.

    Google Scholar 

  26. P. BENEŠ, I. RAJMAN, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 34 (1969) 1375.

    Google Scholar 

  27. T. Y. TORIBARA, C. D. SHIELDS, L. KOVAL, Talanta, 17 (1970) 1025.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. R. A. CARR, P. E. WILKNISS, Env. Sci. Techn., 7 (1973) 62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Y. DOKIYA, H. ASHIKAWA, S. YAMAZAKI, K. TUWA, Spectrosc. Letters, 7 (1974) 551.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. M. R. GREENWOOD, T. K. CLARKSON, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 31 (1970) 250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. R. LITMAN, H. L. FINSTON, E. T. WILLIAMS, Anal. Chem. 47 (1975) 2364.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. H. BETHNER, D. E. ROBERTSON, Anal. Chem. 47 (1975) 592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. L. C. BATE, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia, 1971, p. 197.

  34. L. C. BATE, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 6 (1971) 139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Z. ŘANDA, J. KUNCIŘ, J. BENADA, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 349.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. E. JERVIS, B. HEFENBACH, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia, 1971, p. 188.

  37. J. I. KIM, S. R. SUNOKO, J. Radioanal. Chem., 16 (1973) 257.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. D. BRUNE, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ., 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  39. D. BRUNE, Acta Chim. Scand, 20 (1966) 1200.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. BRUNE, K. JIRLOW, Radiochim. Acta, 8 (1967) 161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. D. BRUNE, O. LANDSTROEM, Radiochim. Acta, 5 (1966) 228.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. D. BRUNE, Anal. Chim. Acta, 44 (1966) 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. D. BRUNE, AE-213, 1966.

  44. R. H. FILBY, A. I. DAVIS, K. R. SHAH, W. A. HALLER, Microchim. Acta, 6 (1970) 1130.

    Google Scholar 

  45. K. K. S. PILLAY CH. C. THOMAS Jr., J. A. SONDEL, C. M. HYCHE, Anal. Chem., 43 (1971) 1419.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. A. FOŁDZIŃSKA, R. DYBCZYŃSKI, J. Radioanal. Chem., 31 (1976) 89.

    Google Scholar 

  47. M. H. FRIEDMAN, E. MILLER, J. T. TANNER, Anal. Chem., 46 (1974) 236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. P. D. LAFLEUR, Anal. Chem., 45 (1973) 1535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. J. G. MONTALVO Jr., P. D. THIBODEAUX, E. KLEIN, Anal. Chim. Acta, 52 (1970) 160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. FOŁDZIŃSKA, W. ŻMIJEWSKA, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters. (in the press)

  51. HUANG CHING WANG, HIGUCHI HIDEO, HAMAGUCHI HIROSHI, Japan Analyst, 22 (1973) 1586.

    Google Scholar 

  52. I. RAINS, O. MENIS, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 55 (1972) 1339.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. E. RICCI, Anal. Chim. Acta, 79 (1975) 109.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. N. TAMURA, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters 18 (1974) 135.

    Google Scholar 

  55. P. VAN DEN WINKEL, A. SPECKE, Proc IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 159.

  56. W. ŻMIJEWSKA, Chem. Anal. (Warsaw), 21 (1976) 853.

    Google Scholar 

  57. K. SAMSAHL, D. BRUNE, O. Wester, AE-82, 1962.

  58. E. STEINNES, Anal. Chim. Acta, 78 (1975) 307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. H. D. LIVINGSTON, H. SMITH, N. STOJANOVIC, Talanta, 14 (1967) 505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. L. KOSTA, A. R. BYRNE, Talanta 16 (1960) 1257.

    Google Scholar 

  61. R. A. NADKARNI, D. E. FLIEDER, W. D. EHMANN, Radiochim. Acta, 11 (1969) 97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. R. A. NADKARNI, W. D. EHMAN, J. Radioanal. Chem., 3 (1969) 175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. R. A. NADKARNI, W. D. EHMAN, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 6 (1971) 89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. R. A. NADKARNI, B. C. HALDAR, J. Radioanal. Chem., 10 (1972) 181.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. F. MONTOLOY, M. HEURTEBISE, J. LUBKOWITZ, J. Radioanal. Chem., 11 (1972) 167.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. K. ISHIDA, S. KAWAMURA, M. IZAWA, Anal. Chim. Acta, 50 (1970) 351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. T. WESTERMARK, B. SJOESTRAND, Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 1 (1966) 9.

    Google Scholar 

  68. R. R. BECKER, A. VEGLIA, E. R. SMID, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 19 (1974) 343.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. H. A. VAN DER SLOOT, H. A. DAS, Anal. Chim. Acta, 70 (1974) 439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. K. K. S. PILLAY, C. C. THOMAS, Jr., C. M. HYCHE, J. Radioanal. Chem., 25 (1975) 239.

    Google Scholar 

  71. J. M. ROTTSCHAFER, J. D. JONES, H. B. MARK Jr., Env. Sci. Technol., 5 (1971) 336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. L. KIM, H. STÄRK, Radiochim. Acta, 13 (1970) 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. F. GIRARDI, M. MERLINI, L' Analyse par Radioactivation et ses Applications aux Sciences Biologiques, CEN de Sacly, Press Universitaire de France, 1964, p. 23.

  74. J. N. WEAVER, Anal. Chem., 45 (1973) 1950.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. I. OELMEZ, N. K. ARAS, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 22 (1975) 19.

    Google Scholar 

  76. W. HALLER, R. H. FILBY, L. A. RANCITELLI, Nucl. Appl. Techn., 6 (1969) 365.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Y. MARUYAMA, K. KOMIYA, T. MANRI, Radioisotopes (Tokyo), 19 (1970) 250.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. J. LUNDE, J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 19 (1968) 432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. R. MALVANO, V. ROSA, P. GROSSO, Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 18 (1967) 121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. O. LANDSTROEM, C. G. WENNER, AE-204, 1965.

  81. A. R. BYRNE, M. DERMELJ, L. KOSTA, J. Radioanal. Chem., 4 (1970) 271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. M. K. MIKHAILOV, S. A. MAZHKAVOR, M. J. MIKHAILOV, SB. Nauchno, Tekhn. Konf. Aparature Aktivats. Analiza, Budapest, 1968, Sovet Ekon. Vzaimpom. Moskva, 1969, p. 273.

  83. H. SINON, J. HOSTE, J. GILLIS, Microchem. Techn. (1961) 959.

  84. G. TOTH, Periodica Polytechn. Chem. Engng., 18 (1974) 3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. KAWAKAMI, HIROYSA, Onken Kiyo, 20 (1968) 226; NSA, 23 (1969) No. 40602.

    Google Scholar 

  86. S. L. LAW, Amer. Lab., 5 (1973) 91; C.A. 79 (1973) No. 73169c.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. D. E. BECKNELL, R. H. MARSH, W. AALLIE, Jr., Anal. Chem., 43 (1971) 1230.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. A. KOLACZKOWSKI, W. A. WESTER, J. Radioanal. Chem., 16 (1973) 21.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. M. A. J. MAZURSKI, A. CHOW, H. D. GESSER, Anal. Chim. Acta, 65 (1973) 99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. H. V. WEISS, T. E. CROZIER, Anal. Chim. Acta, 58 (1972) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. H. A. VAN DER SLOOT, H. A. DAS, Anal. Chim. Acta, 73 (1974) 235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. V. P. GUINN, R. KISHORE, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia 1971, p. 201.

  93. I. G. DE JONG, T. OMORI, D. R. WILES, J. C. S. Chem. Commn., 5 (1974) 189..

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. I. G. DE JONG, D. R. WILES, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 91 and 17 (1974) 343.

    Google Scholar 

  95. A. D. BUENFAMA, J. A. LUBKOWITZ, J. Radioanal. Chem., 25 (1975) 239.

    Google Scholar 

  96. K. R. SHAH, R. H. FILBY, W. A. HALLER J. Radioanal. Chem., 6 (1970) 413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. A. W. WEISS, K. K. BERTINE, Anal. Chim. Acta, 65 (1973) 253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. R. H. FILBY, A. I. DAVIS, K. R. SHAH, W. A. HALLER, Mikrochim. Acta, (1970) 1130.

  99. G. I. GOFEN, A. F. KIST, Sh. KHATAMOV, Zh. Anal. Khim., 29 (1974) 2194.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. T. A. HANDLEY, V. A. DE CARLE, J. Radioanal. Chem., 11 (1972) 265.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. H. HAMAGUCHI, R. KURODA, K. HOSOHARA, J. At. Soc. Jap., 2 (1960) 317.

    Google Scholar 

  102. H. SMITH, Anal. Chem., 35 (1963) 635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. J. F. TANNER, W. S. FORBES, Anal. Chim. Acta, 74 (1975) 17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. S. S. BRAR, D. M. NELSON, E. L. KANABROCKI, C. E. MOORE, C. D. BURNHAM, D. M. HATTORI, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 43.

    Google Scholar 

  105. N. D. DUDEY, L. E. ROSS, V. E. NOSKIN, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 55.

    Google Scholar 

  106. L. A. RANCITELLI, J. A. COOPER, R. W. PERKINS, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 101.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Y. BELOT, T. MARINI, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. P. SCHRAMEL, K. SAMSAHL, J. PAVLU, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 329.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. R. HEINDRYCKX, R. DAMS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 339.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. W. E. KUYKENDALL, L. E. FITE, R. E. WAINERDI, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 351.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. D. I. BRESSAN, R. A. CARR, P. J. HAUNAN, P. E. WILKINS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 373.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. R. F. J. DAMS, G. TEMMERMAN, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna 1972, p. 233.

  113. R. DAMS, J. A. ROBINS, K. A. RAHN, J. W. WINCHESTER, Anal. Chem., 42 (1970) 861.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. O. J. KRONBERG, E. STEINNES, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 379.

    Google Scholar 

  115. N. NAVARETTE, L. GALVEZ, E. TZONTLIMATZIN, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 19 (1974) 163.

    Google Scholar 

  116. S. S. BRAR, P. F. GUSTAFSON, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 12 (1969) 485.

    Google Scholar 

  117. G. F. CLEMENTE, G. G. MASTINU, J. Radioanal. Chem., 20 (1974) 707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. G. F. CLEMENTE, G. G. MASTINU, G. P. SANTARONI, Comparative Studies of Food and Environmental Contamination, IAEA, Vienna, 1974, p. 213.

    Google Scholar 

  119. D. E. ROBERTSON, L. A. RANCITELLI, R. W. PERKONS, BNWL-SA 1776.

  120. B. SALBU, E. STEINNES, A. C. PAPPAS, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 1011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. K. LJUNGGREN, T. WESTERMARK, Pure Appl. Chem. 1 (1960) 127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. R. A. NADKARNI, W. D. EHMAN, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 4 (1970) 325.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. W. A. HALLER, R. FILBY, L. A. RANCITELLI, J. A. COPPER, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special. Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  124. W. A. HALLER, L. A. RANCITELLI, J. A. COPPER, J. Agr. Food Chem., 16 (1968) 1036.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. V. P. GUINN, Mercury Contamination of Man and His Environment IAEA, Tech. Rept. Ser., No. 137, 1972, p. 87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. A. K. PERKONS, R. E. JERVIS, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 256.

    Google Scholar 

  127. V. P. GUINN, R. KISHORE, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 319.

    Google Scholar 

  128. R. CHRISTELL, L. G. ERWALL, K. LJUNGGREN, B. SJÖESTRAND, T. WESTERMARK, Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, College Station, Texas, 1965, p. 380.

  129. M. E. McLAIN, G. W. LEDDICOTTE, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia, 1971, p. 188.

  130. J. A. VELANDIA, A. K. PERKONS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 20 (1974) 715.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. D. M. LINEKIN, J. F. BALCIUS, R. D. COOPER, G. L. BOWNWELL, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 110.

    Google Scholar 

  132. T. F. BUDINGER, J. R. FARWELL, A. R. SMITH, H. BICHSEL, J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 23 (1972) 49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. H. AL. SAHRISTIANI, I. K. AL-HADDAD, J. Radioanal. Chem., 15 (1973) 59.

    Google Scholar 

  134. R. E. JERVIS, A. K. PERKONS, W. D. MACKINTOSH, M. F. KEER, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, College Station, Texas, 1961, p. 107.

  135. A. K. PERKONS, R. E. JERVIS, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, College Station, Texas, 1965, p. 295.

  136. G. V. S. RAYUNDU, B. TIEFENBACH, R. E. JERVIS, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 11 (1968) 54.

    Google Scholar 

  137. R. A. NADKARNI, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. CH. BLOCK, R. DAMS, Env. Sci. Techn., 9 (1975) 146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. C. BLOCK, R. DAMS, Anal. Chim. Acta, 68 (1973) 11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. P. J. VON LEHMDEN, R. H. JUNGERS, R. E. LEE, JR., Anal. Chem., 46 (1974) 1630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  141. E. L. ANDRONIKACHVILI, L. M. MOSULICHVILI, A. E. BELOKOBYLSKI, J. Radioanal. Chem., 19 (1974) 299.

    Google Scholar 

  142. L. L. THATCHER, J. O. JOHNSON, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna, 1971, p. 311.

  143. H. POLKOWSKA-MOTRENKO, R. DYBCZÝNSKI, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 26 (1976) 217.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. J. T. TANNER, M. F. FRIEDMAN, D. N. LINCOLN, Science, N. Y., 177 (1972) 1102.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. D. COMAR, C. LE POEC, M. JOLY, C. KELLERSOHN, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, (1962) 56.

  146. H. RUF, H. RHODE, Z. anal. Chem., 263 (1973) 116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. K. LJUNGGREN, B. SJOESTRAND, A. G. JOHNELS, M. OLSSON, G. OTTERLIND, T. WESTERMARK, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna, 1971, p. 311.

  148. C. JOHANSEN, E. STEINNES, Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 20 (1969) 751.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Ch. H. K. KIM, J. SILVERMAN, Anal. Chem., 37 (1965) 1616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. B. SJOESTRAND, Anal. Chem., 36 (1964) 814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. Y. MARUYAMA, T. MANRI, Radioisotopes, 19 (1970) 416; C. A. (1971) No 87482d.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. T. E. HENZLER, R. J. KORDA, P. A. HELMKE, M. R. ANDERSON, M. M. JIMENEZ, L. A. HASKIN, J. Radioanal. Chem., 20 (1974) 649.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. C. K. KIM, J. SILVERMAN, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 7 (1964) 332.

    Google Scholar 

  154. J. D. JONES, J. M. ROTTSCHAFER, H. B. MARK Jr., K. E. PAULSEN, G. J. PATRIARCHE, Mikrochim. Acta, 3 (1971) 399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  155. I. HADZISTELIOS, A. P. GRIMANIS, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ. 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 184.

    Google Scholar 

  156. L. O. PLANTIN, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 73.

  157. KAWAKAMI HIROYSA, Onken Kiyo, 20 (1968) 218; N. S. A. 23 (1969) No. 40603.

    Google Scholar 

  158. K. E. SCHULTE, G. HENKE, K. S. TJAN, Z. anal. Chem., 252 (1970) 358.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. J. J. M. DE GOEIJ, J. P. W. HOUTMAN, P. S. TJOE, J. H. KOEMAN, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 295.

  160. K. SAMSAHL, Anal. Chem., 39 (1967) 1480.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. P. O. WESTER, D. BRUNE, K. SAMSAHL, Intern J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 20 (1969) 751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  162. K. SAMSAHL, D. BRUNE, P. O. WESTER, Intern. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 16 (1965) 273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. G. NORHEIM, L. STEINNES, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 1688.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. K. SCHUHMAHER, W. MARIER-BORST, Kerntechnik, 14 (1972) 165.

    Google Scholar 

  165. J. J. M. DE GOEIJ, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia, 1971, p. 188.

  166. O. LANDSTROEM, K. SAMSAHL, C. G. WENNER, AE-296, 1967.

  167. F. KUKULA, M. ŠIMKOVA, J. Radioanal. Chem., 4 (1970) 271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. H. BADER, E. HEIDRICH, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 5 (1972) 178; Abstr. Z. Anal. Chem., 265 (1973) 283.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. F. KUKULA, M. KŘIVANEK, Isotopenpraxis, 4 (1968) 57.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. B. R. PETERSEN, Dansk. Kemi., 49 (1968) 171; A. A. 18 (1970) No 1800.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. M. MALAIYANDI, J. P. BARRETE, J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chem., 55 (1972) 951; A. A. 24 (1973) No. 2496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. B. BEHNE, Radiochim. Acta., 18 (1973) 153.

    Google Scholar 

  173. G. ERDTMAN, O. ABOULWAFA, Z. Anal. Chem., 270 (1974) 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. D. N. EDGINGTON, H. F. LUCAS Jr., Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna, 1971, p. 311.

  175. C. KELLERSOHN, D. COMAR, C. LE POEC, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 63 (1965) 168.

    Google Scholar 

  176. P. LIEVENS, R. CORNELIS, J. HOSTE, Anal. Chim. Acta 80 (1975) 97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. MIYAMARU MITIKO, T. W. LIMA, Revta bras. Tecnol., 4 (1973) 133; A. A., 28 (1975) No. 2H5.

    Google Scholar 

  178. C. TOMIZAWA, Y. KOSHIMIZU, Shokuhin, Eisegaku Zasshi, 7 (1963) 33; N. S. A. 21 (1969) No. 1543.

    Google Scholar 

  179. W. WILSHIRE, J. P. LAMBERT, F. E. BUTLER, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 2399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. H. ROOK, T. E. GILLS, P. P. LA FLEUR, Anal. Chem., 44 (1972) 1114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. A. R. BYRNE, L. KOSTA, Talanta 21 (1974) 1083.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. J. LAG, E. STEINNES, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna, 1975, p. 429.

  183. K. LJUNGGREN, B. SJOESTRAND, D. H. HAGMAN, T. WESTERMARK, Nord. hyg. Tidskr., 50 (1969) 75; A. A., 19 (1970) No. 1075.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. P. J. ARUSCAVAGE, Prof. Pap. US. Geol. Surv., 1972, No. 800-C, 209; A. A., 25 (1973) No. 1236.

  185. L. L. THATCHER, J. O. JOHNSON, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Environmental Pollution, Vienna, 1971, p. 323.

  186. G. MAROWSKY, Z. Anal. Chem., 252 (1970) 358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  187. C. LANDSTROEM, K. SAMSAHL, C. G. WENNER, Proc. Intern. Conf. Modern Trends in Activation Analysis, NBS Special Publ., 312, Vol. 1, 1969, p. 353.

    Google Scholar 

  188. P. O. WESTER, AE-188, 1965.

  189. P. O. WESTER, AE-146, 1964.

  190. K. SAMSAHL, AE-82, 1962.

  191. J. J. M. DE GOEIJ, V. P. GUINN, D. R. YOUNG, A. J. MEARNS, Comparative Studies of Food and Environmental Pollution, IAEA, Vienna, 1974, p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  192. E. STEINNES, Anal. Chim. Acta, 78 (1975) 307.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. M. W. HEITZMAN, R. E. SIMPSON, J. Ass. Off. Anal. Chem., 55, (1972) 960; A. A., 24 (1973) No. 2452.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. J. ROSENBERG, S. SALMELA, Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. E. ORVINI, T. E. GILIS, P. D. LA FLEUR, Anal. Chem., 46 (1974) 1294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. H. A. VAN DER SLOOT, H. A. DAS, Anal. Chim. Acta, 73 (1972) 235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  197. D. F. C. MORRIS, R. A. KILLICK, Talanta, 11 (1964) 781.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. E. J. KENNEDY, R. R. RUCH, H. J. GLUSKOTER, N. F. SHIMP, Nuclear Methods in Environmental Research, Missouri, Columbia, 1971, p. 206.

  199. K. SAMSAHL, P. O. WESTER, O. LANDSTROEM, Anal. Chem., 40 (1968) 181.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. J. WIMMER, E. HAUNOLD, Bodenkultur, 24 (1973) 25; A. A. 26 (1974) No. 536.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. E. STEINESS, C. JOHANSEN, Nord. Hyg. Tidskr., 50 (1969) 71; A. A., 19 (1970) No. 1076.

    Google Scholar 

  202. J. C. LAUL, D. R. CASE, M. WECHTER, F. SMIDT-BLEEK, M. E. LIPSCHUTZ, J. Radioanal. Chem., 4 (1970) 241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. W. ŻMIJEWSKA, Eadiochem. Radioanal. Letters, 21 (1975) 91.

    Google Scholar 

  204. G. HENKE, S. WESTERBOER, S. PORTHEINE, Arch. Toxicol., 23 (1968) 293; A. A., 17 (1969) No. 1543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. J. RUŽICKA, J. STARY, A. ZEMAN, Zh. Anal. Khim., 19 (1964) 932.

    Google Scholar 

  206. Ch. K. KIM, J. SILVERMAN, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 11 (1968) 54.

    Google Scholar 

  207. E. HASSANEN, Acta Chem. fenn., 43 (1970) 251; A. A., 21 (1971) No. 364.

    Google Scholar 

  208. J. A. VELANDIA, A. K. PERKONS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 20 (1974) 715.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. J. HEINONEN, D. MERTEN, O. SUSCHNY, Mercury Contamination in Man and His Environment, IAEA, Vienna, 1972, p. 137.

    Google Scholar 

  210. J. HEINONEN, O. SUSCHNY, J. Radioanal. Chem., 20 (1974) 499.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. J. LEE, R. E. JERVIS, Trans. Am. Nucl. Soc., 11 (1968) 50.

    Google Scholar 

  212. K. K. S. PILLAY, C. C. THOMAS Jr., C. M. HYCHE, Nucl. Techn., 10 (1971) 224.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. J. J. M. DE GOEIJ, Meeting on Env. Poll., Conf., 71-0325-1, 1971; NSA, 25 (1971) No. 48462.

  214. M. BATTISON, A. MAURO, Rep. RT CHI(70), 1970.

  215. S. H. HARRISON, P. D. LA FLEUR, W. H. ZOLLER, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 1685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. A. HASSANEN, Comparative studies of Food and Environmental Contamination, IAEA, Vienna, 1974, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

  217. C. K. KIM, Thesis, 1967; C. A. 68 (1968) No. 46936.

  218. P. O. WESTER, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 169 (1965) 268.

    Google Scholar 

  219. J. M. A. LENIHAN, H. SMITH, W. HARNY, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 73.

  220. G. S. NIXON, H. SMITH, H. D. LIVINGSTON, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, 1967, p. 455.

  221. L. KOSTA, V. ZELENKO, V. RAVNIK, M. LEVESTEK, M. DERMELJ, Comparative Studies of Food and Environmental Contamination, IAEA, Vienna, 1974, p. 541.

    Google Scholar 

  222. H. SION, J. HOSTE, J. GILLIS, Microchem. Techn., (1961) 959.

  223. Y. SHIBORI, H. KUWAHARA, I. SOYA, Radioisotopes (Tokyo), 18 (1969) 219.

    Google Scholar 

  224. W. S. LYON, L. C. BATE, J. F. EMERY, Proc. IAEA Symp. Nuclear Techniques in Life Sciences, Vienna, 1972, p. 73.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw, (Poland)

    W. Żmijewska

Authors
  1. W. Żmijewska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Żmijewska, W. Activation analysis of mercury in environmental samples. J. Radioanal. Chem. 35, 389–418 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518017

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518017

Keywords

Search

Navigation