Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Velocity-difference induced focusing of xanthine and purine metabolites by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction

  • Originals
  • Electrophoresis
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Velocity-difference induced focusing (V-DIF) of analytes by a dynamic pH junction represents a simple yet effective on-line preconcentration method to improve concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Differences in buffer type, pH and conductivity between sample and background electrolyte (BGE) segments of the capillary are properties used to optimize purine focusing within a multi-section electrolyte system. This method permits the injection of large volumes of sample (up to 450 nL or about 18% of capillary length), resulting in over a 50-fold improvement in sensitivity with baseline resolution. The limit of detection (S/N=3) for xanthine is determined to less than 4.0×10−8 M under optimum conditions when using UV detection. Analysis of micromolar amounts of xanthine in pooled urine is also demonstrated without sample pretreatment. A dual mechanism involving dynamic pH and isotachophoretic modes is proposed to enhance analyte focusing performance when employing buffer pH junctions based on different types of electrolyte co-ions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jorgenson, J.W.; Lukacs, K.D.Anal. Chem. 1981,53, 1298–1302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Terabe, S.; Otsuka, K.; Ando, T.Anal. Chem. 1989,61, 251–260.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Britz-McKibbin, P.; Chen, D.D.Y.Anal. Chem. 2000,72, 1729–1735.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chien, R.; Burgi, D.S.J. Chromatogr. 1991,559, 141–152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Burgi, D.S.; Chien, R.L.Anal. Biochem. 1992,202, 306–309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Burgi, D.S.Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 3726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chien, R.; Burgi, D.S.Anal. Chem. 1992,64, 1046–1050.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. McGrath, G.; Smyth, W.F.J. Chromatogr. B 1996,681, 125–131.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Baryla, N.E.; Lucy, C.A.Electrophoresis 2001,22, 52–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang, C.X.; Thormann, W.Anal. Chem. 1996,68, 2523–2532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhang, C.X.; Thormann, W.Anal. Chem. 1998,70, 540–548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Xiong, Y.; Park, S.; Swerdlow, H.Anal. Chem. 1998,70, 3605–3611.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiss, D.J.; Saunders, K.; Lunte, C.E.Electrophoresis 2001,22, 59–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shihabi, Z.K.J. Cap. Electrophoresis 1995,6, 267–271.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shihabi, Z.K.Electrophoresis 2000,21, 2872–2878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Quirino, J.P.; Terabe, S.Anal. Chem. 1998,70, 149–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Palmer, J.; Burgi, D.S.; Munro, N.J.; Landers, J.P.Anal. Chem. 2001,73, 725–731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Foret, F.; Szoko, E.; Karger, B.L.J. Chromatogr. 1992,608, 3–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Thompson, T.J.; Foret, F.; Vouros, P.; Karger, B.L.Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 900–906.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Beckers, J.L.J. Chromatogr. A 1993,641, 363–373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Krivankova, L.; Vrana, A.; Gebauer, P.; Bocek, P.J. Chromatogr. A 1997,772, 283–295.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gebauer, P.; Thormann, W.; Bocek, P.J. Chromatogr. 1992,608, 47–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gebauer, P.; Thormann, W.; Bocek, P.Electrophoresis 1995,16, 2039–2050.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Quirino, J.P.; Terabe, S.Science 1998,282, 465–468.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Quirino, J.P.; Terabe, S.Anal. Chem. 1999,71, 1638–1644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Palmer, J.; Munro, N.J.; Landers, J.P.Anal. Chem. 1999,71, 1679–1687.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kim, J.B.; Quirino, J.P.; Otsuka, K.; Terabe, S.J. Chromatogr. A 2001,916, 123–130.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Quirino, J.P.; Terabe, S.Electrophoresis 2000,21, 2899–2903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Munro, N.J.; Palmer, J.; Stalcup, A.M.; Landers, J.P.J. Chromatogr. B 1999,731, 369–381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hsieh, M.M.; Tseng, W.L.; Chang, H.T.Electrophoresis 2000,21, 2904–2910.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Quirino, J.P.; Terabe, S.Chromatographia 2001,53, 285–289.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Aebersold, R.; Morrison, H.D.J. Chromatogr. 1990,516, 79–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Britz-McKibbin, P.; Kranack, A.R.; Paprica, A.; Chen, D.D.Y.Analyst 1998,123, 1461–1463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Britz-McKibbin, P.; Chen, D.D.Y.Anal. Chem. 2000,72, 1242–1253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Britz-McKibbin, P.; Otsuka, K.; Terabe, S.Anal. Chem.,2002,74, 3736–3743.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Britz-McKibbin, P.; Markuszewski, M.J.; Iyanagi, T.; Matsuda, K.; Nishioka, T.; Terabe, S.Anal. Biochem., in press.

  37. Adam, T.; Friedecky, D.; Fairbanks, L.D.; Sevcik, J.; Bartak, P.Clin. Chem. 1999,45, 2086–2093.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Shihabi, Z.K.; Hindsdale, M.E.; Bleyer, A.J.J. Chromatogr. B 1995,669, 163–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Xu, G.; Liebich, H.Amer. Clin. Lab. 2001,March, 22–32.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Papadoyannis, I.N.; Samanidou, V.F.; Georga, K.A.J. Liq. Chrom. & Rel. Technol. 1996,19, 2559–2578.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Handbook of Biochemistry: Selected Data for Molecular Biology; CRC Press: Cleveland,1970.

  42. He, Y.; Lee, H.K.Anal. Chem. 1999,71, 995–1001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Duso, A.B.; Chen, D.D.Y.Anal. Chem. 2002,74, 2938–2942.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Shihabi, Z.K.Electrophoresis 2002,23, 1612–1617.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Adam, T.; Sevcik, J.; Svagera, Z.; Fairbanks, L. D.; Bartak, P.Electrophoresis 1999,20, 564–568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. P. Britz-McKibbin

    Present address: Himeji Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Science, Kamigori, 678-1297, Hyogo, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, BC, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, Canada

    P. Britz-McKibbin & D. D. Y. Chen

Authors
  1. P. Britz-McKibbin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. D. Y. Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Britz-McKibbin, P., Chen, D.D.Y. Velocity-difference induced focusing of xanthine and purine metabolites by capillary electrophoresis using a dynamic pH junction. Chromatographia 57, 87–93 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02497482

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02497482

Key Words

Search

Navigation