Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Principle and applications of the partial filling technique in capillary electrophoresis

  • Review
  • Published:
Chromatographia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The partial filling technique (PFT) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an efficient system where, only 50–800 nanolitres of a chiral selector solution needs to be added to each run. PFT is especially applicable when these additives to the background electrolyte (BGE) are expensive or absorb UV light. The selector dissolved in the BGE is applied to the capillary as a plug, shorter than the effective length of the capillary, prior to application of the analyte. During the run both ends of the capillary are connected to the BGE. The applied plug and the analyte may move in opposite directions or in the same direction at different velocities depending on their electrophoretic mobilities. Thus the final plug length is either longer or shorter than the original length. The technique has been successfully applied in a number of studies including enantiomeric separation with a variety of selectors, and for the determination of conditional association constants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Chankvetadze, Capillary Electrophoresis in Chiral Analysis, John Wiley & Son, New York (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  2. L. Valtcheva, J. Mohammad, G. Pettersson, S. Hjertén, J. Chromatogr.638, 263 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R.L. Chien, J.C. Helmer, Anal. Chem.63, 1354 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T.J. Ward, C. Dan III, A.P. Brown, Chirality8, 77 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. I. Jelinek, J. Snopek, E. Smolková-Keulemansova. J. Chromatogr.405, 379 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Snopek, I. Jelinek, E. Smolková-Keulemansova J. Chromatogr.411. 153 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Snopek, I. Jelinek, E. Smolková-Keulemansova, J. Chromatogr.438 211 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Birnbaum, S. Nilsson, Anal. Chem.64, 2872 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Tanaka, S. Terabe. J. Chromatogr.694, 277 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B. Chankvetadze, G. Endresz, G. Blaschke. Electrophoresis15, 804 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M.W. Nelson, C.L. Lee. Anal. Chem.68, 3265 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. L. Yang, A.K. Harrata, C.S. Lee, J. Chromatogr.780, 207 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.W. Nelson, Q. Tang, A.K. Harrata, C.S. Lee, J. Chromatogr.749, 219 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.K. Wiedmer, M. Jussila, M-L. Riekkola. Electrophoresis19, 1711 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Yang, A.K. Harrata, C.S. Lee. Anal. Chem.69, 1820 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. K. Koezuka, H. Ozaki, N. Matsubara, S. Terabe J. Chromatogr. B.689, 3 (1997).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. G. Schulte, S. Heitmeier, B. Chankvetadze, G. Blaschke, J. Chromatogr. A.800, 77 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. E. Jäverfalk, A. Amini, D. Westerlund, P.E. Andrén. J. Mass Spect.33, 183 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Otsuka, C.J. Smith, J. Grainger, J.R. Barr, D.G. Petterson, Y. Tanaka, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A.817, 75 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Y. Tanaka, Y. Kishimoto, K. Otsuka, S. Terabe, J. Chromatogr. A.802, 83 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Y. Tanaka, Y. Kishimoto, K. Otsuka, S. Terabe, Chromatography19, 76 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Fanali, C. Desiderio, G. Schulte, S. Heitmeier, D. Strickmann, B. Chankvetadze, G. Blaschke, J. Chromatogr. A.800, 69 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Fanali, G. Caponecchi, Z. Aturki. J. Micro. Sep.9, 9 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Desiderio, C.M. Polcaro, P. Padiglioni, S. Fanali, J. Chromatogr.781, 503 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. F. Kilár, S. Fanali. Electrophoresis16, 1510 (1995).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. F. Kilár, Electrophoresis17, 1950 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M.G. Schmid, G. Gübitz, F. Kilár, Electrophoresis19, 282 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Amini, C. Pettersson, D. Westerlund, Electrophoresis18, 950 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Amini, D. Westerlund, Anal. Chem.70, 1425 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Tanaka, S. Terabe, Chromatographia44, 119 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Amini, U. Paulson-Sörman, Electrophoresis18, 1019 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Hedeland, R. Isaksson, C. Pettersson, J. Chromatogr.807, 297 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Amini, N. Merclin, s. Bastami, D. Westerlund, Electrophoresis20, 180 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. K.D. Lukacs, J.W. Jorgenson, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Commun.8, 407 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A. Amini, Doctoral Thesis. Repro HSC, Uppsala, (1998).

  36. W.M. Nelson, S.L. Cheng, Anal. Chem.68, 3265 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. S. Hjertén, K. Kubo, Electrophoresis14, 390 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. R.A. Mosher, D.A. Saville, W. Thorman, in:B.J. Radola, (Ed.), The Dynamic of Electrophoresis, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 18–19 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  39. L.G. Öfverstedt, G. Johansson, G. Förman, S. Hjertén, Electrophoresis2, 168 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. M.W. Zemansky, Heat and thermodynamics McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Amini, E. Jäverfalk, S. Bastami, D. Westerlund. Electrophoresis20, 204 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. L.B. Nilsson, J. Chromatogr.526, 139 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Amini, B. Wiersma, D. Westerlund, U. Paulsen-Sörman, Euro. J. Pharm. Sci. (accepted).

  44. W.J. Jusko, M. Gretch, Drug Metab. Rev.5, 43 (1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. S.A.C. Wren, R.C. Rowe, J. Chromatogr.603, 235 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. S.A.C. Wren, R.C. Rowe, J. Chromatogr.635, 113 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. S.A.C. Wren, R.C. Rowe, J. Chromatogr.609, 363 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. T. Alebic-Kolbah, S. Rendic, Z. Fuks, V. Sunjic, F. Kajfez, Acta. Pharm. Jugoslav.29, 53 (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. Kurz, H. Trunk, B. Weitz, Arzn-Forsch Drug Res.27, 1373 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J.P. Hummel, W.J. Dreyer, Biochem. Biophys. Acta.63, 530 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S.F. Sun, S.W. Kou, R.A. Nash, J. Chromatogr.288, 377 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. S.F. Sun, F. Wong, Chromatographia20, 495 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. I. Marle, C. Pettersson, T. Arvidsson, J. Chromatogr.456, 323 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. R. Kuhn, R. Frei, M. Cheristen, Anal. Biochem.218, 131 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. S. Honda, A. Taga, K. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, K. Kakehi, J. Chromatogr.597, 377 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. H.H.H. Niels, A.R. Frank, Anal. Chem.64, 2479 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. A. Shibukawa, T. Nakagawa, N. Nishimura, M. Miyake, H. Tanaka, Chem. Pharm. Bull.37, 702 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. T. Ohara, A. Shibukawa, T. Nakagawa, Anal. Chem.67, 3520 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. A. Amini, U. Paulsen-Sörman, B.H. Lindgren, D. Westerlund, Electrophoresis19, 731 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. A. Amini

    Present address: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 47907, Lafayette, IN, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University Biomedical Centre, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden

    A. Amini & D. Westerlund

  2. Division of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Medical Products Agency, Box 26, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden

    U. Paulsen-Sörman

Authors
  1. A. Amini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. U. Paulsen-Sörman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. D. Westerlund
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Taken from Dr. Pharm. Sc. Thesis, A. Amini, Uppsala, 1998.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Amini, A., Paulsen-Sörman, U. & Westerlund, D. Principle and applications of the partial filling technique in capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia 50, 497–506 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490748

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490748

Key Words

Search

Navigation