Skip to main content
Log in

Parasitism in diversified agroecosystems: Phenology ofTrichogramma minutum [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae]

  • Published:
Entomophaga Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Parasitism ofOstrinia nubilalis egg masses byTrichogramma minutum was observed in maize-bare ground monocultures and polycultures of maize/bean/squash and maize/clover. Parasitism rates were 1.9 times higher in monocultures than in polycultures; seasonal phenology of parasitism, however, was similar in both. Parasitism first occurred during the late whorl/early tassel stage of maize; peak parasitism occurred during the mid to late tassel stage, and then dropped off rapidly. We speculate that direct predation of egg masses, and ammensal preemptive competition for egg masses byColeomegilla maculata may have contributed to the decline in parasitism rates in both monocultures and polycultures during the latter part of the season.

Résumé

Le parasitisme des ooplaques d'Ostrinia nubilalis parTrichogramma minutum a été observé dans des monocultures: maïs/trèfle. Les taux de parasitisme étaient 1,9 fois plus élevés en monocultures qu'en polycultures; l'évolution saisonnière du parasitisme était cependant identique dans les 2 cas. Le parasitisme se manifestait au tout début d'apparition de l'épi, passant par un maximum entre le milieu et la fin de l'épiaison, pour décroître rapidement ensuite. On considère que la prédation directe des ooplaques parColeomegilla maculata jointe à la compétition favorable à ce dernier ont dû contribuer à la réduction des taux de parasitisme dans les 2 types de cultures au cours de la dernière partie de la saison.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, W. W. &Smith, R. F. — 1958. Some factors influencing the efficiency ofApanteles medicaginis Muesebeck [Hymenoptera: Braconidae] as a parasite of the alfalfa caterpillar,Colias philodice eurytheme Boisduval. —Hilgardia, 28, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altieri, M. A., Lewis, W. J., Nordlund, D. A., Gueldner, R. C. &Todd, J. W. —1981. Chemical interactions between plants andTrichogramma wasps in Georgia soybean fields. —Prot. Ecol., 3, 259–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altieri, M. A., Annamalai, S., Katiyar, K. P. &Flath, R. A. — 1982. Effects of plant extracts on the rates of parasitization ofAnagastra kuehniella [Lep: Pyralidae] eggs byTrichogramma pretiosum [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] under greenhouse conditions. —Entomophaga, 27, 431–438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andow, D. A. &Risch, S. J. — 1985. Predation in diversified agroecosystems: Relations between a coccinellid predatorColeomegilla maculata and its food. —J. Appl. Ecol., 22, 357–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutt, R. L. &Nakata, J. — 1965. Overwintering refuge ofAnagrus epos. —J. Econ. Entomol., 58, 586.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, T. H. &Holdaway, F. G. — 1966. Seasonal history and host synchronization ofLydella grisescens [Diptera: Tachinidae] in Minnesota. —Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 59, 125–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, W. P. &Simmons, G. A. — 1978. The influence of stand factors on parasitism of spruce budworm eggs byTrichogramma minutum. —Environ. Entomol., 7, 685–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Need, J. T. &Burbutis, P. P. — 1979. Searching efficiency ofTrichogramma nubilale. —Environ. Entomol., 8, 224–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlund, D. A., Chalfant, R. B. &Lewis, W. J. — 1984. Arthropod populations, yield and damage in monocultures and polycultures of corn, beans and tomatoes. —Agric., Ecosystems and Environ., 11, 353–367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlund, D. A., Chalfant, R. B. &Lewis, W. J. — 1984/85. Response ofTrichogramma pretiosum females to extracts of two plants attacked byHeliothis zea. —Agric., Ecosystems and Environ., 12, 127–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordlund, D. A., Chalfant, R. B. &Lewis, W. J. — 1985. Response ofTrichogramma pretiosum females to volatile synomes from tomato plants. —J. Entomol. Sci., 20, 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor, G. W. &Cochran, W. G. — 1980. Statistical Methods, 7th ed. —Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Syme, P. P. — 1966. The effect of wild carrot on a common parasite of the European pine shoot moth. —Bi-monthly Research Note, Can. Dep. of For., 22, (4), 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • VanEmden, H. F. — 1962. Observations of the effect of flowers on the activity of parasitic Hymenoptera. —Entomol. Month. Mag., 98, 265–270.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Andow, D.A., Risch, S.J. Parasitism in diversified agroecosystems: Phenology ofTrichogramma minutum [Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae]. Entomophaga 32, 255–260 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373248

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02373248

Key-Words

Mots Clefs

Navigation