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Genetic aspects of insect production

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Abstract

Selection and maintenance of insect stocks for biological control programmes depend on the objective and the scope of propagation.

Propagation for inoculative releases with the objective of colonization must ensure that the source colony contains a sufficient amount of genetic diversity. The implications of the origin and the size of the source colony are discussed. During propagation genetic decay can result from, among other processes, the founder effect, inbreeding or the selection of laboratory «ecotypes».

Standardized strains of insect parasites and predators are recommended for mass production programmes for inundative releases. In addition to laboratory-construted strains for genetic controls, hybrid strains showing superior fitness, new pathotypes, and strains carrying genetic markers, may be useful for biological control.

Some inferences are drawn from population genetic theory and applied to insectary rearing programmes. It is suggested that some widely held concepts of biological control should be discarded to enable the rigorous application of genetic strategies for pest control.

Résumé

La sélection et l’entretien de souches d’insectes pour les programmes de lutte biologique dépendent des objectifs poursuivis et de l’étendue de la multiplication.

La multiplication en vue de lâchers destinés à la colonisation doit s’assurer que la population initiale présente un taux suffisant de diversité génétique. Les conséquences de l’origine et de la taille de cette population initiale sont discutées. Au cours de la multiplication une altération génétique peut provenir, parmi d’autres processus, de l’effet des fondateurs, de la consanguinité, ou de la sélection d’écotypes de laboratoire.

Des lignées étalonnées d’insectes parasites ou prédateurs sont recommandées pour des productions de masse destinées aux lâchers d’ «inondation». Outre les lignées fabriquées en laboratoire pour la lutte génétique, des lignées hybrides présentant de meilleures aptitudes, de nouveaux pathotypes et des lignées portant des marqueurs génétiques peuvent être utiles en lutte biologique.

Il est tiré certaines conclusions de la théorie de la génétique des populations applicable aux programmes de production de masse d’insectes. Il est suggéré que certains concepts largement répandus en lutte biologique soient délaissés pour permettre l’application rigoureuse de stratégies génétiques en matière de lutte contre les ravageurs.

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  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby 2, British Columbia, Canada

    M. Mackauer

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Supported in part by National Research Council of Canada, Grant No. A 4665.

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Mackauer, M. Genetic aspects of insect production. Entomophaga 17, 27–48 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02371071

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