Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Articular cartilage destruction in experimental inflammatory arthritis: insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of proteoglycan metabolism in chrondrocytes

  • Review
  • Published:
The Histochemical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis, a disease of unknown aetiology, is characterized by joint inflammation and, in its later stages, cartilage destruction. Inflammatory mediators may exert not only suppression of matrix synthesis but also cartilage degradation, which eventually leads to severe cartilage depletion. Systemically and locally produced growth factors and hormones regulate cartilage metabolism. Alterations in levels of these factors or in their activity can influence the pathogenesis of articular cartilage destruction in arthritic joints. The main topic of the present review is the role of the anabolic factor insulin-like growth factor-1 in the regulation of chondrocyte metabolic functions in normal and in diseased cartilage. This is the most important growth factor that balances chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and catabolism to maintain a functional cartilage matrix. A brief overview of how chondrocytes keep the cartilage matrix intact, and how catabolic and anabolic vactors are thought to be involved in pathological cartilage destruction precedes the review of the role of this growth factor in proteoglycan metabolism in cartilage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamo, M., Roberts, C.T. &Roith, D. (1992) How distinct are the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling systems?Bio Factors 3, 151–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, N.A., Martin, L.A., Watts, L.M., Palmer, J., Thornburg, L., Perior, J. &Esser, R.E. (1992) Peptidyl fluormethyl kentones as inhibitors of Cathepsin B. Implication for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 1201–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aigner, T., Reichenberger, E., Bertling, W., Kirsch, T., Stoss, H. &Von Der Mark, K. (1993) Type X collagen expression in osteoarthritic and rheumatoid articular cartilage.Virch. Arch. B 63, 205–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Algner, T., Dietz, U., Stoss, H. &Von Der Mark, K. (1995) Differential expression of collagen types I, II, III and X in human osteophytes.Lab. Invest. 73, 236–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aitman, T.J., Palmer, R.G., Loftus, J., Ansell, B.M., Royston, J.P., Teale, J.D. &Clayton, R.N. (1989) Serum levels and growth failure in juvenile chronic arthritis.Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 557, 557–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, R.C., Jimenez, M. &Cowell, T. (1991) Insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone secretion in juvenile chronic arthritis.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 50, 602–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anastassiades, T. &Dziewiatkowski, D. (1970) The effect of cortisone on the metabolism of connective tissues in the rat.J. Lab. Clin. Med. 75, 826–39.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Annefeld, M. (1992) Changes in rat epiphyseal cartilage after treatment with dexamethasone and glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex.Pathol. Res. Pract. 188, 649–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arend, W.P. &Dayer, J.M. (1995) Inhibition of the production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor a in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 38, 151–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attisano, L., Wrana, J.L., Chelfetz, S. &Massague, J. (1992) Novel activin receptors: Distinct genes and alternative mRNA generate a repertoire of serin/threonin kinase receptors.Cell 68, 97–108.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aydelotte, M.B., &Keuttner, K.E. (1991) Heterogeneity of articular chondrocytes and cartilage matrix. InCartilage degradation: basic and clinical aspect (edited byWoessner, J.F. &Howell, D.S.) pp. 37–9. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baici, A. &Lang, A. (1990) Effect of interleukin-1 β on the production of cathepsin B by rabbit articular chondrocytes.FEBS Lett. 277, 93–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, F.J., Read, L.C., Francis, G.L., Bagley, C.J. &Wallace, J.C. (1986) Binding properties and biological potenties of insulin-like growth factors in L6 myoblasts.Biochem. J. 233, 230–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bang, P. &Hall, K. (1992) Insulin-like growth factors as endocrine and paracrin hormones. InThe Insulin-like growth factors. Structure and biological functions (edited byScholfield, P.N.) pp. 151–68. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barone-Varelas, J., Schnitzer, T.J., Meng, Q., Otten, L. &Thonar, E.J.-M.A. (1991) Age-related differences in the metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage explants maintained in the presence of insulin-like growth factor 1.Connect. Tissue Res. 26, 101–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barrueco, J.L., Gazquez, A., Redono, E. &Durzn, E. (1989) A histopathological and morphometrical study of femur head cartilage in Wistar rats treated with prednisolone.Histol. Histopathol. 4, 317–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bates, E.J., Colin, C. &Lowther, D.A. (1985) Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis by hydrogen peroxide in cultured bovine articular cartilage.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 838, 221–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, R.C. &Martin, J.L. (1989) Binding proteins for the insulin-like growth factors: structure, regulation and function.Prog. Growth Factor Res. 1, 49–68.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, R.C. (1991) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins: the role of serum IGFBPs in the regulating IGF availability.Acta Paediatr. Scand. 372, 107–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, R.C. (1993) Circulating binding proteins for the insulin-like growth factors.Trends Endocrinol. Metabol. 4, 91–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, F., Shepard, N. &Mitchell, N. (1975) Alteration of rabbit articular cartilage by intraarticular injections of glucocorticoids.J. Bone Joint Surg. 57A, 70–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellows, C.G., Heersche, J.N.M. &Aubin, J.E. (1989) Effects of dexamethasone on expression and maintenance of cartilage in serum-containing cultures of calvaria cells.Cell Tissue Res. 256, 145–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, A.E., Silverman, E.D., Miller, J.J. &Hintz, R.L. (1988) Insulin-like growth factors in children with systemic onset of juvenile arthritis.J. Rheumatol. 15, 655–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benton, H.P. &Tyler, J.A. (1988) Inhibition of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis by interleukin-1.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 145, 421–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentzen, K., Petersen, J., Halkjaer-Kristensen, J. &Ingemann-Hansen, T. (1985) Interleukin-1-like activities in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis.Rheum. Int. 5, 79–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berenbaum, F., Thomas, G., Poiradeau, S., Bererziat, G., Corvol, M.T. &Masliah, J. (1994) Insulin-like growth factors counteract the effect of interleukin-1 β on type II phospholipase A2 expression and archidonic acid release by rabbit articular chondrocytes.FEBS Lett. 340, 51–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergstedt, K. &Wieloch, T. (1993) Changes in insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor density after transient cerebral ischemia in the rat: lack of protection against ischemic brain damage following injection of insulin-like growth factor 1.J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13, 859–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhaumick, B. (1993) Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) binding protein and insulin-like growth factor secretion by cultured chondrocyte cells: indentification, characterization and ontogeny during cell differentiation.Regul. Pept. 48, 113–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaumick, B. &Bala, R.M. (1991) Differential effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 on growth, differentiation and glucoregulation in differentiating chrondrocyte cells in culture.Acta Endocrinol. 125, 201–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanco, F.J., Geng, Y. &Lotz, M. (1995) Differentiation-dependent effects of IL-1 and TGFß on human articular chondrocyte proliferation are related to inducible nitric oxide synthase.J. Immunol. 154, 4018–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blondelon, D., Adolphe, M., Zizine, L. &Lechat, P. (1980)Evidence for glcocorticoid receptors in cultured rabbit articular chondrococytes.FEBS Lett. 117, 195–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blont, S. &Crawford, A. (1994) Regulation of IGF-1 receptors on rabbit articular chondrocytes by inflammatory mediators.Agents & Actions 41, C177–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böhme, K., Conscience-Egli, M., Tschan, T. &Winterhalter, K.H. (1992) Induction of proliferation or hypertrophy of chondrocytes in serum-free culture: the role of insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, or thyroxine.J. Cell Biol. 116, 1035–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brennan, F.M., Zacariae, C.O. &Chantry, D. (1990) Detection of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and production of IL-8 mRNA by isolated synovial cells.Eur. J. Immunol. 20, 2141–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, M.T., Stetler, G.L., Busby, W.H. &Clemmons D.R. (1988) Cloning, characterization and expression of a human insulin-like growth factor binding protein.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152, 1289–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burton-Wurster, N. &Lust, G. (1990) Fibronection and proteoglycan synthesis in long term cultures of cartilage explants in Ham's F12 supplemented with insulin and calcium: Effects of the addition of TGFβ.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 283, 27–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buttle, D.J. (1994) Lysosomal cysteine endopeptidases in the degradation of cartilage and bone. InImmunopharmacology of joints and connective tissue (edited byDavies, M.E. &Dingle, J.T.) pp. 225–43. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cantley, L.C., Auger, K.R., Carpenter, C., Duck Worth, B., Grariani, A., Kapeller, R. &Soltoff, S. (1991) Oncogenes and signal transduction.Cell 64, 281–302.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S., Harvey, A.K. &Hubrey, P.S. (1992) Intra-articular administration of interleukin-1 causes prolonged suppression of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis in rats.Matrix Biol. 11, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekhar, S. &Harvey, A. K. (1992) Differential regulation of metalloproteinase steady-state mRNA levels by IL-1 and FGF in rabbit articular chondrocytes.FEBS Lett. 296, 195–200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charles, I. G., Palmer, P. M. J., Hickery, M. J., Bayliss, M. T., Chubb, A. P., Hall, V. S. P., Moss, D. W. &Monaca, S. (1993). Cloning, characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding an inducible nitric oxide synthase from the human chondrocyte.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 11419–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier, X. &Tyler, J. A. (1994) Production of IGF binding proteins by human cartilage explants and role of the IGFBP-3 in the modulation of proteoglycan synthesis caused by IGF-1.Arthritis Rheum. 37, S. 293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chevalier, X. &Tyler, J. A. (1996) Production of binding proteins and role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 binding protein 3 in human articular cartilage explants.Br. J. Rheumatol. 35, 515–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chunekamrai, S., Krook, L. P., Lust, G. &Maylin, G. A. (1989) Changes in articular cartilage after intraarticular injections of methylprednisolone acetate in horses.Am. J. Vet. Res. 50, 1733–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Circolo, A., Welgus, H. G., Pierce, G. F., Kramer, J. &Strunk, R. C. (1991) Differential regulation of the expression of proteinases/antiproteinases in fibroblasts.J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12283–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clemmons, D. R. &Shaw, D. S. (1986) Purification and biologic properties of fibroblast somatomedin.J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10293–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coates, C. L., Burwell, G., Buttery, P. J., Walker, G. &Woodward, P. M. (1977) Somatomedin activity in synovial fluid.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 36, 50–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coates, C. L., Burwell, R. G., Lloyd-jones, K., Swannell, A. J., Walker, G. &Selby, C. (1978) Somatomedin activity in synovial fluid from patients with joint diseases.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 37, 303–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corps, A. N. (1990) Signalling at the insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors: transduction probed by transfection.J. Endocrinol. 124, 349–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuevas, P., Burgos, J. &Baird, A. (1988) Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) promotes cartilage repairin vivo.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 156, 611–18.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, A. J., Keng, C., Handley, C. J. &Robinson, H. C. (1992) Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the synthesis and distribution of link protein and hyaluronan in explant cultures of articular cartilage.Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1135, 309–17.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Czech, M. P., Lewis, R. E. &Corvera, S. (1989) Multifunctional glycoprotein receptors for insulin and the insulin-like growth factors. InCarbohydrate recognition in cellular function. Ciba Foundation Symposium (edited byCzech, A. J., Keng, C., Handley, S. J. &Robinson, H. C.) pp. 27–44. Chichester: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahms, N. W., Lobel, P., Breitmeyer, J., Chirgwin, J. &Kornfeld, S. (1987) 46 kd 6-phosphate receptor: cloning, expression and homology to the 215 kd mannose 6-phosphate receptor.Cell 50, 181–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daughaday, W. D. (1990) Editorial: the possible autocrine/paracrine and endocrine roles of insulin-like growth factors of human tumors.Endocrinology 127, 1–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Daughaday, W. H. &Rotwein, P. (1989) Insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 peptide messenger ribonucleic acid and gene structures, serum and tissue concentrations.Endocrine Rev. 10, 68–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayer, J. M. &Burger, D. (1994) Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor and their specific inhibitors.Eur. Cytokine Network 5, 563–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demarquay, D., Dumontier, M. F., Tsagris, L., Bourguigon, J., Nataf, V. &Corvoll, M. T. (1990)In vitro insulin-like growth factor interaction with cartilage cells derived from postnatal animals.Hormone Res. 33, 111–14.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Battista, J. A., Martel-Pelletier, J., Cloutier, J. M. &Pelletier, J. P. (1991) Modulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression in human articular cartilage chondrocytes by cAMP and prostaglandins.J. Rheumatol. 18, 102–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Giovanne, F. S., Nuki, G. &Duff, G. W. (1988) Tumor necrosis factor in synovial exudates.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 47, 786–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dore, S., Pelletier, J-P, Dibattista, J.A., Tardif, G., Brazeau, P. &Martel-Pelletier, J. (1994) Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes possess an increased number of insulin-like growth factor 1 binding sites but are unresponsive to its stimulation.Arthritis Rheum. 37, 253–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drop, S. L. S., Schuller, A. G. P., Lindenbergh-Kortleve, D. J., Groffen, C., Brinkman, A. &Zwarthoff, E. C. (1992) Structural aspects of the IGFBP family.Growth Regul. 2, 68–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, M. J., Maini, R. N., Feldman, M., Long-Fox, A., Charles, P., Katsikis, P., Brennan, M., Walker, J., Bijl, H., Ghrayeb, J. &Woody, J. N. (1993) Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor a.Arthritis Rheum. 12, 1681–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, A. J., Curry, V. A., Powell, E. K. &Cawston, T. E. (1994) The prevention of collagen breakdown in bovine nasal cartilage by TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and a low molecular weight synthetic inhibitor.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201, 94–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Esser, R. E. E., Murphey, A. M. D., Watts, L. M., Thornburg, L. P., Palmer, J. T., Talhouk, J. W. &Smith, R. E. (1994) Cysteine proteinase inhibitors decrease articular cartilage and bone destruction in chronic inflammatory arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 2, 236–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. H. (1991) The role of proteinases in cartilage destruction.,Agents & Actions 32, 135–52.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, C. H., Stefanofic-Racic, M. &Lancaster, J. (1995) Nitric oxide and its role in orthopaedic disease.Clin. Orthop. 312, 275–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Firestein, G. S. (1992) Mechanism of tissue destruction and cellular activation in rheumatoid arthritis.Curr. Opinion Rheumatol. 4, 348–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Firestein, G. S. &Zvaifler, N. J. (1990) How important are T cells in chronic rheumatoid synovitis?Arthritis Rheum. 33, 768–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flanary, C. R. &Sandy, J. D. (1994) Effects of proteinase inhibitors on aggrecan in chondrocyte cultures.Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 732, 380–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fosang, A. J., Tyler, J. A. &Hardingham, T. E. (1991) Effect of interleukin-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 on the release of proteoglycan components and hyaluronan from pig articular cartilage in explant culture.Matrix Biol. 11, 17–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fosang, A. J., Last, K., Neame, P. J., Murphy, G., Knauper, V., Tschesche, H., Hughes, C. E., Caterson, B. &Hardingham, T. E. (1994) Neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) cleaves at the aggrecanase site E373-A374 in the interglobular domain of cartilage aggrecan.Biochem. J. 304, 347–51.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franchimont, P. &Bassleer, C. (1991) Effects of hormones and local growth factors on articular chondrocyte metabolism.J. Rheumatol. 18, 68–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Froesch, E. R., Schmid, C., Schwander, J. &Zapf, J. (1985) Actions of insulin-like growth factor.Annu. Rev. Physiol. 47, 443–67.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froger-Gaillard, B., Hossenlopp, P., Adolphe, M. &Binoux, M. (1989) Production of insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins by rabbit articular chondrocytes: relationship with cell multiplication.Endocrinology 124, 2365–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda, K., Kumano, F., Saito, M., Otani, K. &Tanaka, S. (1995) Insulin-like growth factors maintain steady-state metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage explants.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 267, 416–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. G. &Gottlieb, N. L. (1983) Intra-articular corticosteroid: An updated assessment.Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 177, 235–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haig, D. &Graham, C. (1991) Genomic imprinting and the strange case of the insulin-like growth factor II receptor.Cell 64, 1045–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, K. &Tally, M. (1989) The somatomedin-insulinlike growth factors.J. Int. Med. 225, 47–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handley, C. J., Lowther, D. A. &McQuillan, D. J. (1985) The structure and synthesis of proteoglycans of articular cartilage.Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 9, 753–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanglow, A. C., Rowan, K., Lusch, L. &Coffey, J. W. (1995) Degradation of bovine cartilage proteoglycanin vitro is enhanced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase.Inflamm. Res. 44 suppl, S151–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardingham, T. E. &Fosang, A. J. (1992) Proteoglycans: many forms and many functions.FASEB J. 6, 861–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hardingham, T. E. &Fosang, A. J. (1995) The structure of aggrecan and its turnover in cartilage.J. Rheumatol. 43, 86–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hardingham, T. E., Fosang, A. J. &Dudhia, J. (1992a) Aggrecan, the chondroitin sulfate/keratan sulfate proteoglycan form cartilage. InArticular cartilage and osteoarthritis (edited byKuettner K. E., Schleyrbach, R., Peyron, J. G. &Hascall, V. C.) pp. 5–20. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardingham, T. E., Bayliss, M. T., Rayan, V. &Noble, D. P. (1992b) Effects of growth factors and cytokines on proteoglycan turnover in articular cartilage.Br. J. Rheumatol. 1, suppl. 1, 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, E. D. (1990) Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy.New Eng. J. Med. 322, 1277–89.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, A. K., Stack, S. T. &Chandrasekhar, S. (1993) Differential modulation of degradative and repair responses of interleukin-1 treated chondrocytes by platelet-derived growth factor.Biochem. J. 292, 129–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hascall, V. C., Handley, C. J., McQuillan, D. J., Hascall, G. K., Robinson, H. C. &Lowther, D. A. (1983) The effect of serum on biosynthesis of proteoglycans by bovine articular cartilage in culture.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224, 206–23.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hauselman, H. J., Oppliger, L., Michel, B. A., Stefanovic-Racic, M. &Evans, C. H. (1994) Nitric oxide and proteoglycan biosynthesis by human articular chondrocytes in alginate culture.FEBS Lett. 352, 361–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, B. &Blake, S. (1994) Connective tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis: therapeutic potential of selective metalloproteinase inhibitors. InImmunopharmacology of joints and connective tissue (edited byDavies, M. E. &Dingle, J. T.) pp. 199–223. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, B., Pettipher, E. R. &Murphy, G. (1990) Metalloproteinases and cartilage proteoglycan depletion in chronic arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 33, 241–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, B., Thompson, R. C., Hardingham, T. E. &Lethwaite, J. (1991) Inhibition of interleukin-1 induced synovitis and articular cartilage proteoglycan loss in rabbit knee by recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.Cytokine 3, 246–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henrotin, Y., Deby-Dupont, G., Deby, C., Franchimont, P. &Emerit, I. (1992) Active oxygen species, articular inflammation and cartilage damage. InFree radicals and aging (edited byEmerit, I. &Chang, B.) pp. 308–22. Basel: Birkhauser.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiraki, Y., Inoue, H., Asada, A. &Suzuki, F. (1990) Differential modulation of growth and phenotypic expression of chondrocytes in sparse and confluent cultures by growth factors in cartilage.J. Bone Mineral Res. 10, 1077–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holden, G. &Hume, K. P. (1962) The newer corticosteroids for local injection.Ann. Phys. Med. 6, 178–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, J. L., Brown Jr, E. M., Jessar, R. A. &Brown, C. Y. (1951) Hydrocortisone and cortisone injected into arthritic joints: comparative effects of and use of hydrocortisone as a local antiarthritic agent.J. Am. Med. Assn. 147, 1622–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, I., Cooper, R. G. &Denton, J. (1992) Cytokine inter-relationships and their association with disease activity in arthritis.Br. J. Rheumatol. 31, 725–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, S. J., Humphreys, M. &Jayson, M. I. V. (1988) Cytokines in synovial fluid. The presence of biologically active and immunoreactive IL-1.Clin. Exp. Immunol. 72, 422–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Houssiau, F. A., Devoglaer, J. P., Van Damme, J. &Dedeuxchaisnes, C. N. (1988) Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid: detection by RIA, bioassay and the presence of bioassay-inhibiting factors.Rheumatol. Int. 31, 784–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, M., O'Garra, A., Ishida, H., De Waalmalefijt, R. &De Vries, J. (1992) Biological properties of Interleukin 10.J. Clin. Immunol. 12, 239–47

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C. E., Caterson, B., Fosang, A. J., Roughley, &Mort, J.S. (1995) Monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize neoepitope sequences generated by ‘aggrecanase’ and matrix metalloproteinase cleavage of aggrecan: application to catabolism in situ andin vitro.Biochem. J. 305, 799–804.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humbel, R. (1990) Insulin-like growth factors I and II.Eur J. Biochem. 190, 445–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikari, N., Yoshino, H., Moses, A.C. &Flier, J.S. (1988) Evidence that receptor aggregation may play a role in transmembrane signaling through the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 831–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue, H., Kato, Y., Iwamoto, M., Hiraki, Y., Sakuda, M. &Suzuki, F. (1989) Stimulation of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan synthesis by morphologically transformed chondrocytes grown in the presence of fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta.J. Cell. Physiol. 138, 329–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isaksson, O.G., Ohlsson, C., Nilsson, A., Isgaard, J. &Lindahl, A. (1991) Regulation of cartilage growth by growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1.Pathology 5, 451–3.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isgaard, J. (1992) Expression and regulation of IGF-1 in cartilage and skeletal muscle.Growth Regul. 2, 16–22.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Itagane, Y., Inada, H., Fujita, K. &Isshiki, G. (1991) Interactions between steroid hormones and insulin-like growth factor-1 in rabbit chondrocytes.Endocrinology 128, 1419–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iwamoto, M., Shimazu, A., Nakashima, K., Suzuki, F. &Kato, Y. (1991) Reduction in basic fibroblast growth factor receptor is coupled with terminal differentiation of chondrocytes.J. Biol. Chem. 266, 461–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, J., Van Buul-Offers, S.C., Hoogerbrugge, C.M., Poorter, T.L., Corvol, M.T. &Van den Brande, J.L. (1989) Characterization of specific insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-11 receptors on cultured rabbit articular chondrocyte membranes.Endocrinology 129, 245–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvinen, T.A.H., Moilanen, T., Jarvinen, T.L.N. &Moilanen, E. (1995) Nitric oxide mediates interleukin-1 induced inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat articular cartilage.Mediators of Inflammation 4, 107–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennische, E., Isgaard, J. &Isaksson, O.G.P. (1992) Local expression of insulin-like growth factors during tissue growth and regeneration. InThe Insulin-like growth factors. Structure and biological functions (edited byScholfield, P.N.) pp. 221–33. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, M.A. &Van den Berg, W.B. (1990) Protective effect of Rimexolone on cartilage damage in arthritic mice: a comparative study with Triamcinolone hexacetonide.Agents & Actions 31, 135–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, H.A. &Van den Berg, W.B. (1991) Transient chondrocyte non-responsiveness to insulin-like growth factor-1 upon H2O2 exposure is not related to IGF-1 receptor damage.J. Rheumatol. 18, 585–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, M.M.A. &Van den Berg, W.B. (1995) Dominant role of IL-1 in cartilage destruction in TNF driven joint inflammation.Transactions of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Orthop. Res. Soc. 20, 100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, H.A., Van de Loo, F.A.J. &Van den Berg, W.B. (1996) Anti-cytokine treatment of established type collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice.Arthritis Rheum. 39, 797–809.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, H., Faria, T.N., Stannard, B., Levy-Toledano, R., Taylor, S.I., Roberts Jr, C.T. &Le Roith, D. (1993) Paradoxical biological effects of overexpressed insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells.J. Cell Physiol. 156, 145–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y. &Gospodarowicz, D. (1985a) Stimulation by glucocorticoid of the synthesis of cartilage-matrix proteoglycan synthesis in rabbit craniofacial chondrocytesin vitro.Arch. Biol. 33, 893–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y. &Gospodarowicz, D. (1985b) Sulfated proteoglycan synthesis by confluent cultures of rabbit costal chondrocytes.J. Cell Biol. 100, 477–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y. &Iwamoto, M. (1990) Fibroblast growth factor is an inhibitor of chondrocyte terminal differentiation.J. Biol. Chem. 265, 5903–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y., Nomura, Y., Tsuji, M., Ohmae, H., Nakazawa, T. &Suzuki, F. (1981) Multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) and cartilage-derived factor (CDF): Biological actions in cultured chondrocytes.J. Biochem. 90, 1377–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y., Hiraki, Y., Inoue, H., Kinoshita, M., Yutani, Y. &Suzuki, F. (1983) Differential and synergistic actions of somatomedin-like growth factors, fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in rabbit costal chondrocytes.Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 685–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W.N., Harris, E.D., Ruddy, S. &Sledge, C.B. (1989)Textbook of rheumatology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keyzer, G.M., Heer, A.H., Kriegsman, J., Geiler, T., Keyzer, C., Gay, R.E. &Gay, S. (1995) Detection of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 in synovial tissue specimens of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by in situ hybridization.J. Rheumatol. 22, 275–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen, T., Andersen, A.S., Wiberg, F.C., Rasmussen, J.S., Schaffer, L., Balschmidt, P., Moler, K.B. &Moller, N.P.H. (1991) The ligand specificities of the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor receptor reside in the different regions of common binding site.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4404–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korver, G.H.V., Van de Stadt, R.J., Van Kampen, G.P., Kiljan, E. &Van der Korst, J.K. (1990) Composition of proteoglycans synthesized in different layers of cultured anatomically intact articular cartilage.Matrix Biol. 10, 394–401.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kwok, C.F., Goldstein, B.J., Muller-Weiland, D.M., Lee, T-S, Kahn, R. &King, G.L. (1989) Identification of persistent defects in insulin receptor structure and function in capillary endothelial cells from diabetic rats.J. Clin. Invest. 83, 127–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lafeber, F.P.J.G., Van der Kraan, P.M., Roy, J.L.A.M., Huber-Bruning, O. &Bijlsma, J.W.J. (1990) Articular cartilage explant culture; an appropriatein vitro system to compare osteoarthritic and normal human cartilage.Connect. Tiss. Res. 29, 287–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lafeber, F.P.J.G., Van der Kraan, P.M., Van Roy, H.L.A.M., Vitters, E.L., Huber-Bruning, O., Van den Berg, W.B. &Bijlsma, J.W.J. (1992) Local changes in proteoglycan synthesis during culture are different for normal and osteoarthritic cartilage.Am. J. Pathol. 140, 1421–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamson, G., Giudice, L.C. &Rosenfeld, R.G. (1991) Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins: Structural and molecular relationships.Growth Factors 5, 19–28.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lark, M.W., Gordy, J.T., Weider, J.R., Ayala, J., Kimura, J.H., Williams, H.R., Mumford, R.A., Flannery, C.R., Carlson, S.S. &Iwata, M. (1995) Cell-mediated catabolism of aggrecan. Evidence that cleavage at the “aggrecanase” site (Glu 373-Ala374) is a primary event in proteolysis of the interglobular domain.J. Biol. Chem. 270, 2550–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larrick, J.W. &Kunkel, S.L. (1988) The role of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 in the immuno-inflammatory response.Pharm. Res. 5, 129–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazarus, D.D., Lyle, L., Moldawer &Lowry, S.F. (1993) Insulin-like growth factor-1 activity is inhibited by interleukin-1α, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6.Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 12, 219–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazowski, D.A., Fraher, L.J., Hodsman, A., Steer, B., Modrowski, D. &Han, V.K.M. (1994) Regional variation of insulin-like growth factor-1 gene expression in mature rat bone and cartilage.Bone 15, 563–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lebovitz, H.E. &Eisenbarth, G.S. (1975) Hormonal regulation of cartilage growth and metabolism.Vitamins Hormones 33, 575–602.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le Roith, D. &Raizada, M.K. (1989)Molecular and cellular biology of insulin-like growth factors and their receptors. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Roith, D. &Roberts, C.T. (1991) At the cutting edge: insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): a molecular basis for endocrine versus local action?Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 77, C57–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Roith, D., Adamo, M., Werner, H. &Roberts, C.T. (1991) Insulin-like growth factors and their receptors as growth regulators in normal physiology and pathologic states.Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2, 134–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lethwaite, J.C., Blake, S.M., Hardingham, T.E., Warden, P.J. &Henderson, B. (1994) The effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the induction phase of antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit.Br. J. Rheumatol. 21, 467–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, T., Wang, D., Nagpal, M.L., Chang, W. &Calkins, J.H. (1992) Down-regulation of Leydig cell insulin-like growth factor-1 gene expression by interleukin-1.Endocrinology 130, 1217–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo, Y.Y. &Cruz, T.F. (1995) Involvement of reactive oxygen species in cytokine and growth factor induction of c-fos expression in chondrocytes.J. Biol. Chem. 270, 11727–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luyten, F.P., Hacall, V.C., Nissley, S.P., Morales, T.I. &Reddi, A.H. (1988) Insulin-like growth factors maintain steady-state metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine articular cartilage explants.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 267, 416–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maciewicz, R.A. &Wotton, S.F. (1991) Degradation of cartilage matrix components by the cysteine proteinases Cathepsins B and L.Biomed. Biochem. Acta 50, 561–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Macnaul, K.L., Chartrain, N., Lark, M., Tocci, M.J. &Hutchinson, N.I. (1990) Discoordinate expression of stromelysin, collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in rheumatoid human synovial fibroblasts.J. Biol. Chem. 265, 17238–45.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makower, A-M, Skottner, A. &Wroblewski, J. (1989) Binding of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to primary cultures of chondrocytes from rat rib growth cartilage.Cell Biol. Int. Rep. 13, 655–65.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malcolm, R.A. &Wright, N.A. (1993) Growth factors and growth factor receptors.Br. J. Hosp. Med. 49, 774–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mankin, H.J. &Conger, K.A. (1966) The acute effects of intra-articular hydrocortisone on articular cartilage in rabbits.J. Bone Surg. 48A, 1383–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marles, P.J., Hoyland, J.A., Parkinson, R. &Freemont, A.J. (1991) Demonstration of variation in chondrocyte activity in different zones of articular cartilage: an assessment of the value of in-situ hybridisation.Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 72, 171–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maroudas, A., Schneiderman, R. &Weinberg, C. (1990) Comparison between effects of serum and insulin on GAG synthesis in different zones of cultured human articular cartilage.Trans. Orthop. Res. Soc. 15, 315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martel-Pelletier, J., McCollum, R., Fujimoto, N., Obata, K., Cloutier, J.M. &Pelletier, J.P. (1994) Excess of metalloproteinases over tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase may contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.Lab. Invest. 70, 807–15.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, T., Tsukazaki, T., Enormoto, H., Iwasaki, K. &Yamashita, S. (1994) Effects of interleukin-1β on insulin-like growth factor-1 autocrine/paracrine axis in cultured rat articular cartilage.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53, 128–33.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McQuillan, D.J., Handley, C.J., Campbell, M.A., Bolis, S., Milway, V.E. &Herington, A.C. (1986) Stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis by serum and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cultured bovine articular cartilage.Biochem. J. 240, 424–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Middleton, J.F.S. &Tyler, J.A. (1992) Upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 gene expression in the lesions of osteoarthritic human articular cartilage.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 440–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miki, T., Bottaro, D.P., Fleming, T.P., Smith, C.L., Burgess, W.H., Chan, A.M.P. &Aaronson, S.A. (1992) Determination of ligand-binding specificity by alternative splicing: Two distinct growth factor receptors encoded by a single gene.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 246–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morales, T.I. (1994) Transforming growth factor beta and insulin-like growth factor-1 restore proteoglycan metabolism of bovine articular cartilage after depletion by retinoic acid.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 315, 190–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mort, J.S., Dodge, G.R., Rhoughley, P.J., Liu, J., Finch, G., Dipasquale, G. &Poole, A.R. (1993) Direct evidence for active metalloproteinases mediating matrix degradation in interleukin-1 stimulated human articular cartilage.Matrix Biol. 102, 95–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moxham, C. &Jacobs, S. (1992) Insulin-like growth factor receptors. InInsulin-like growth factors. Structure and biological functions (edited byScholfield, P.N.) pp. 80–101. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murell, G.A., Jang, D. &Williams, R.J. (1995) Nitric oxide activates metalloproteinase enzymes in articular cartilage.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 206, 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nataf, V., Tsagris, L., Dumotier, M.F., Bonaventure, J. &Corvol, M. (1990) Modulation of sulfated proteoglycan synthesis and collagen gene expression by chondrocytes grown in the presence of bFGF alone or combined with IGF-1.Reprod. Nutr. Develop. 30, 331–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neely, E.K., Beukers, M.W., Oh, Y., Cohen, P. &Rosenfeld, R.G. (1991) Insulin-like growth factor receptors.Acta Paediatr. Scand. 372, 116–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neidel, I., Schulze, M. &Sova, L. (1994) Insulin-like growth factor 1 accelerates recovery of articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis in culture after inhibition by interleukin-1.Arch. Orthop. Trauma Res. 114, 43–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nerlich, A.G., Kirsch, T., Wiest, I., Betz, P. &Von Der Mark, K. (1992) Localization of collagen type X in human fetal and juvenile articular cartilage and bone.Histochemistry 98, 275–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, G., Murphy, G., Roughly, P.J. &Mort, J.S. (1989) Degradation of proteoglycan aggregate by cartilage metalloproteinase enzymes.Biochem. J. 259, 61–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimoto, I., Murayama, Y., Katada, T., Ui, M. &Ogata, E. (1989)J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14029–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nissley, P. &Lopaczynski, W. (1991) Insulin-like growth factor receptors.Growth Factors 5, 29–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nouri, A.M.E., Panaji, G.S. &Goodman, S.M. (1984) Cytokines and the chronic inflammation of rheumatic disease. The presence of interleukin-1 in synovial fluids.Clin. Exp. Immunol. 55, 295–302.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuvert-Zwart, I., Schalkwijk, J., Joosten, L.A.B., Van Den Berg, W.B. &Van De Putte, L.B.A. (1988) Effects of synovial fluid and synovial fluid cells on chondrocyte metabolism in short term tissue culture.J. Rheumatol. 15, 210–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogawa, Y., Ksander, G.A., Pratt, B.M., Sawamura, S.J., Ziman, J.M., Gerhardt, C.O., Avis, P.D., Murray, M.J. &McPherson, J.M. (1991) Differences in the biological properties of transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factorin vivo.Growth Factors 5, 57–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'Keefe, J.O., Crabb, I.D., Puzas, J.E. &Rosier, R.N. (1994) Effects of transforming growth factor β1 and fibroblast growth factor on DNA synthesis in growth plate chondrocytes are enhanced by insulin-like growth factor-1.J. Orthop. Res. 12, 299–310.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olney, R.C., Smith, R.L., Kee, Y. &Wilson, D.M. (1993) Production and hromonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in bovine chondrocytes.Endocrinology 133, 563–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olney, R.C., Tsuchiya, K., Wilson, D.M., Mohtal, M., Maloney, W.J., Schurman, D.J. &Smith, R.L. (1996) Chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage have increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and- 5, but not IGF-2 or IGFBP-4.J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81, 1096–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Padayatty, S.J., Orme, S., Zenobi, P.D., Stickland, M.H., Belchtz, P.E. &Grant, P.J. (1993) The effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 synthesis and secretion: Results fromin vitro andin vivo studies.Thromb. Haemost. 70, 1009–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R.M.J., Hickery, M.S., Charles, I.G., Mancada, S. &Bayliss, M.T. (1993) Induction of nitric oxide in human chondrocytes.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193, 398–405.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, L.S., Harp, J.B., Goldstein, S., Klein, J. &Pao, C-I. (1990) Regulation and action of insulin-like growth factors at the cellular level.Proc. Nutr. Soc. 49, 451–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poiraudeau, S., Kergosien, N., Lieberherr, M., Amor, B. &Corvol, M. (1994) Evidence that IGF2 but not IGF1 decreases chondrocyte lysosomal enzyme activities and increases calcium intracellular level through the type II IGF receptor (IGF2-M6P R).Arthritis Rheum. 37, S294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Postel-Vinay, M.C., Corvol, M.T., Lang, T., Fraud, F., Guyda, H. &Posner, B. (1983) Receptors for insulinlike growth factors in rabbit articular and growth plate chondrocytes in culture.Exp. Cell Res. 148, 105–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, W.A., Stiles, A. &Moats-Staats, B.M. (1992) Gene expression of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1′s), the type 1 IGF-1 receptor, and IGF-1-binding proteins in dexamethasone-induced fetal growth retardation.Endocrinology 130, 1424–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rayan, V. &Hardingham, T.E. (1994) The recovery of articular cartilage in explant culture from interleukin-1 α: effects on proteoglycan synthesis and degradation.Matrix Biol. 14, 263–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raz, V., Kelman, Z., Zvivi, A., Neufeld, G., Gicol, D. &Yarden, Y. (1991) PCR based identification of new receptors: molecular cloning of a receptor for fibroblast growth factors.Oncogene 6, 153–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rechler, H.M. &Nissley, S.P. (1990) Insulin-like growth factors. InPeptide growth factors and their receptors (edited bySporn, M.B. &Robers, A.B.) pp. 263–76. New York: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reichenberger, E., Aigner, T., Von Der Mark, K., Stoss, H., Bertling, W. (1991) In situ hybridization studies on the expression of type X collagen in fetal human cartilage.Dev. Biol. 148, 562–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, C.R., Roughly, P.J. &Mort, J.S. (1989) Degradation of human proteoglycan aggregate induced hydrogen peroxide. Protein fragmentation amino acid modification and hyaluronic acid cleavage.Biochem. J. 259, 805–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roose, J.P. &Van Noorden, C.J.F. (1995) Synthetic protease inhibitors: Promising compounds to arrest pathobiologic processes.J. Lab. Clin. Med. 125, 433–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosier, R.N., O'Keefe, R.J., Crabb, I.D., Puzas, J.E. &Brand, J.S. (1988) Articular and growth plate chondrocytes exhibit markedly different metabolic responses to growth plate factors.J. Bone Mineral Res. S185, 468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rotwein, P. (1991) Structure, evolution, expression and regulation of insulin-like growth factors I and II.Growth Factors 5, 3–18.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruoslahti, E. &Pierschbacher, M.D. (1987) New perspectives in cell adhesion: RGD and integrins.Science 238, 491–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sah, R.L., Chen, A.C., Grodzinsky, A.J. &Trippel, S.B. (1994) Differential effects of bFGF and IGF-1 on matrix metabolism in calf and adult bovine cartilage explants.Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 308, 137–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saklatvala, J. (1986) Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage.Nature 322, 547–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakurai, H., Kohsaka, H., Liu, M.F., Higashiyama, H., Kanno, K., Saito, I. &Miyasaka, N. (1995) Nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in inflammatory arthritides.J. Clin. Invest. 96, 2357–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salmon, W.D. &Daughaday, W.H. (1957) A hormonally controlled serum factor which stimulates sulfate incorporation by cartilagein vitro.J. Lab. Clin. Med. 49, 825–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, H.W. &Cannon, M.S. (1986) Zonal analysis of metabolic profiles of articular-epiphyseal cartilage chondrocytes.Histochem. J. 18, 265–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sara, V.R. &Hall, K. (1990) Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins.Physiol. Rev. 70, 591–614.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saxne, T., Palladino, M.A., Heinegard, D., Talal, N. &Wollheim, F.A. (1988) Detection of tumor necrosis factor α in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and serum.Arthritis Rheum. 31, 1041–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalch, D.S., Sessions, C.M., Farley, A.C., Masakawa, A., Emler, C.A. &Dills, D.G. (1986) Interaction of insulin-like growth factor 1/Somatomedin with cultured rat chondrocytes: Receptor binding and internalization.Endocrinology 118, 1590–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalkwijk, J., Van Den Berg, W.B., Van De Putte, L.B.A. &Joosten, L.A.B. (1985a) Cationization of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Effect of improved intraarticular retention on experimental arthritis in mice.J. Clin. Invest. 76, 198–205.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalkwijk, J., Van Den Berg, W.B., Van De Putte, L.B.A. &Joosten, L.A.B. (1985b) Hydrogen peroxide supresses the proteoglycan synthesis of intact articular cartilage.J. Rheumatol. 12, 205–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalkwijk, J., Joosten, L.A.B., Van Den Berg, W.B., Wijk, J.J. &Van De Putte, L.B.A. (1989a) Insulin-like growth factor stimulation of chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis by human synovial fluid.Arthritis Rheum. 32, 66–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schalkwijk, J., Joosten, L.A.B., Van Den Berg, W.B. &Van De Putte, L.B.A. (1989b) Chondrocyte nonresponsiveness to insulin-like growth factor 1 in experimental arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 32, 894–900.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlaghecke, R., Kornely, E., Wollenhaupt, J. &Specker, C. (1992) Glucocorticoid receptors in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 35, 740–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoenle, E., Zapf, J., Humbel, R.E. &Froesch, E.R. (1982) Insulin-like growth factor stimulates growth in hypophysectomized rats.Nature 296, 252–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S.D., Campbell, E.J., Kobayashi, D.K. &Welgus, H.G. (1990) Immune modulation of metalloproteinase production in human macrophages.J. Clin. Invest. 86, 1210–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, L., Pilsworth, L.C.M., Hazlemen, B. &Dingle, J.T. (1982) Effects of antirheumatoid drugs on the production and action of porcine catabolin.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 41, 463–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinmei, M., Kikuchi, T., Masuda, K. &Shimura, Y. (1988) Effects of interleukin-1 and anti-inflammatory drugs on the degradation of human articular cartilage.Drugs 35 suppl. 1, 33–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siczkowski, M. &Watt, F.M. (1990) Subpopulations of chondrocytes from different zones of pig articular cartilage: Isolation, growth and proteoglycan synthesis in culture.J. Cell Sci. 97, 349–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silbermann, M. &Maor, G. (1985) Receptor-mediated glucocorticoid inhibition of cell proliferation in mouse growth cartilagein vitro.Acta Endocrinol. 108, 343–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silveri, F., Morosini, P., Brecciaroli, D. &Cervini, C. (1994) Intra-articular injection of somatostatin in knee osteoarthritis clinical results and IGF-1 serum levels.Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 14, 79–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R.L., Palathumpat, M.V., Ku, C.W. &Hintz, R.L. (1989a) Growth hormone stimulates insulin-like growth factor 1 actions on adult articular cartilage.J. Orthop. Res. 7, 198–207.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, U., Eriksson, J. &Lonnorth, P. (1989b) Receptors for insulin-like growth factors.J. Internal Med. 225, 43–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soos, M.A. &Siddle, K. (1989) Immunological relationships between receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1: Evidence for structural heterogeneity of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors involving hybrids with insulin receptors.Biochem. J. 263, 553–63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soos, M.A., Whittaker, J., Lammers, R., Ullrich, A. &Siddle, K. (1990) Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 can form hybrid dimers.Biochem. J. 270, 383–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stadler, J., Stefanofic-Racic, M., Billar, T.R., Curran, R.D., McIntyre, L.A., Georgescu, H.I., Simmons, R.L. &Evans, C.H. (1991) Articular chondrocytes syntehsize nitric oxide in response to cytokines and lipopolysaccharide.J. Immunol. 147, 3915–20.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Standberg, B. (1964) Intra-articular steroid therapy: a survey and clinical report.Acta Rheumatol. Scand. 10, 29–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stefanofic-Racic, M., Morales, T.I., Taskiran, D., Mcintyre, L.A. &Evans, C.H. (1996) The role of nitric oxide in proteoglycan turnover by bovine articular cartilage organ cultures.J. Immunol. 156, 1213–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg, J. &Sledge, C.B. (1983) Synovial factors and chondrocyte mediated breakdown of cartilage: inhibition by hydrocortisone.J. Orthop. Res. 1, 13–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takano, T., Takigawa, M. &Suzuki, F. (1985) Stimulation by glucocorticoids of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes and the proliferation of rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture.J. Biochem. 97, 1092–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takigawa, M., Takano, T., Nakagawa, K., Sakuda, M. &Suzuki, F. (1988) Hydrocortisone stimulation of proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rabbit craniofacial chondrocytesin vitro.Arch. Oral Biol. 33, 839–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tardif, G., Reboul, P., Pelletier, J.-P., Geng, C., Cloutier, J.-M. &Martel-Pelletier, J. (1996) Normal expression of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor by human osteoarthritic condrocytes with increased expression andsynthesis of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins.Artritis Rheum. 39, 968–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taskiran, D, Stefanovic-Racic, M., Georgescu, H., &Evans, C. (1994) Nitric oxide mediates suppression of cartilage proteoglycan synthesis by interleukin-1.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200, 142–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, A.M., Dadona, P., Morrell, D.J. &Preece M.A. (1988) Insulin-like growth factor-1, protein kinase-C, calcium and cyclic AMP: partners in the regulation of chondrocyte mitogenesis and metabolism.FEBS Lett. 236, 33–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tesch, H.G., Handley, C.J., Cornell, H.J. &Herrington, A.C. (1992) Effects of free and bound insulinlike growth factors on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage explants.J. Orthop. Res. 10, 14–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tollefsen, S.E. &Thompson, K. (1988) The structural basis for insulink-like growth factor 1 receptor high affinity binding.J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16267–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tollefse, S.E., Stoszek, R.M. &Thompson, K. (1991) Interaction of the αβ dimers of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is required for receptor autophosphorylation.Biochemistry 30, 48–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trippel, S.B. (1995) Growth factor actions on articular cartilage.J. Rheumatol. 22, 129–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trippel, S.B., Van Wijk, J.J., Poster, M.B. &Svoboda, M.E. (1983) Characterization of specific somatomedin C receptors on isolated bovine growth plate chondrocytes.Endocrinology 112, 2128–34.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trippel, S.B., Chernausek, S.D., Van Wijk, J.J., Moses, A.C. &Mankin, H.J. (1988) Demonstration of type 1 and type 2 smatomedin receptors in bovine growth plate chondrocytes.J. Orthop. Res. 6, 817–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trippel, S.B., Wroblewski, J., Makower, A.M., Scoenfeld, D. &Doctrow, S.R. (1993) Regulation of growth-plate chondrocytes by insulin-like growth factor 1 and basic fibroblast growth factor.J. Bone Joint Surg., American Volume 75, 177–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, J.A. (1985) Pig interleukin-1 (catabolin) induces resorption of cartilage and prevents synthesis of cartilage proteoglycan and collagen.Br. J. Rheumatol. 24, 150–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, J.A. (1989) Insulin-like growth factor 1 can decrease degradation and promote synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage exposed to cytokines.Biochem. J. 260, 543–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ullrich, A., Gray, A., Tam, A.W., Yang-Feng, T., Tsubokawa, M., Collins, C., Henrel, W., Le Bon, T., Kathuria, S., Chen, E., Jacobs, S., Francke, U., Ranchandran, J. &Fujita-Yamaguchi, Y. (1986) Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor primary structure: compariso with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity.EMBO J. 5, 2503–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Beuningen, H.M., Van Der Kaan, P.M., Arntz, O.J. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1993) Protection from interleukin-1 induced destruction of articular cartilage by transforming growth factor β: Studies in anatomically intact cartilagein vitro andin vivo.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 52, 185–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Beuningen, H.M., Van Der Kraan, P.M., Arntz, O.J. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1994) Transforming growth factor-β 1 stimulates articular chondrocyte proteoglycan synthesis and induces osteophyte formation in the murine knee joint.Lab. Invest. 71, 279–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Loo, A.A.J. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1990) Effects of murien recombinant IL-1 on synovial joints in mice: Quantification of patellar cartilage metabolism and joint inflammation.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 49, 238–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Loo, A.A.J., Arntz, O.J., Otterness, I.G. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1992) Protection against cartilage proteoglycan synthesis inhibition by anti-interleukin 1 atibodies in eperimental arthritis.J. Rheumatol. 19, 348–56.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Loo, A.A.J., Arntz, O.J., Bakker, A.C., Van Lent, P.L.E.M., Jacobs, M.J.M. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1955a) Role of interleukin-1 in antigen-induced exerbations of murien arthritis.Am. J. Pathol. 146, 239–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van De Loo, A.A.J., Joosten, L.A.B., Van Lent, P.L.E.M., Arntz, O.J. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1995b) Role of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in cartilage proteoglycan metabolism and destruction: effect of in situ blocking in murine antigen- and zymoscan-induced arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 38, 164–72.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B. (1991) Impact of NSAID and steroids on cartilage destruction in murine antigen induced arthritis.J., Rheumatol. 18, 122–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Verg, W.B. (1994) Cytokine profile dependent on the type of arthritis: dominant role of IL-1 in cartilage destruction.Arthritis Rheum. 37 (suppl), S 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B., Kruijsen, M.W.M., Van De Putte, L.B.A. &Zwarts, W.A. (1981) Antigen-induced arthritis and zymosan-induced arthritis in mice: Studies onin vivo cartilage proteoglycan synthsis and chondrocyte death.Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 62, 308–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B., Joosten, L.A.B., Schalkwijk, J., Van De Loo, F.A.J. &Van Beuningen, H.M. (1989) Mechanism of cartilage destruction in expermental arthritis: lack of IGF-1 responsiveness. InTherapeutic Approaches to Inflammatory Diseases (edited byLewis, A.J., Doherty, N.S. &Ackerman, N.R.) pp. 47–54, New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B., Van De Loo, A.A.J., Otterness, I., Arntz, O.J. &Joosten, L.A.B. (1991)In vivo evidence for a key role of IL-1 in cartilage destruction in expermental arthritis.Agents & Actions suppl32, 159–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B., Joosten, L.A.B., Van De Loo, F.A.J., De Vries, B.J., Van Der Kraan, P.M. &Vitters, E.L. (1992) Drug evaluation on normal and arttritis mouse patellas. InArticular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis (edited byKeuttner, K.E., Schleyerbach, R., Peyron, J.G. &Hascall, V.C.) pp. 583–96. New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Berg, W.B., Joosten, L.A.B., Helsen, M.M.A. &Van De Loo, A.A.J. (1994) Amelioration of established murine collagen-induced arthritis with IL-1 treatment.Clin. Exp. Immunol. 95, 273–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Brande, J.L. (1992) Structure of the human insulin-like growth factors: relationship to function. InInsulin-like growth factors. Structure and biiological functions (edited byScholfield, P.N.) pp. 12–37, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Kraan, P.M., Vitters, E.L. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1992a) Inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis by transforming growth factor β in anatomically intact articular cartilage of murine patellae.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 643–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Kraan, P., Vitters, E. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1992b) Differntial effect of transforming growth factor β on freshly isolated and cultured articular chondrocytes.J. Rheumatol. 19, 140–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Kraan, P.M., Vitters, E.L., Verbunt, J. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1993) Mainteance of the synthesis of large proteoglycans in anatomically intact murine articular cartilage by steroids and insulin-like growth factor-1.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 52, 743–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Noorden, C.J.F., Smith, R.E. &Rasnick, D. (1988) Cysteine proteinase activity in arthritic rat knee joints and the effects of a selective inhibitor, Z-Phe-AlaCH2F.J. Rheumatol. 15, 1525–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Oostvelt, P. &Bauwens, S. (1990) Quantitative fluorescence in confocal microscopy.J. Microscopy 158, 121–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J. &Van Noorden, C.J.F. (1990) The effects of interleukin-1 on articular cartilage destruction as observed in arthritis diseases and its therapeutic control.Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 8, 303–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J., Van Noorden, C.J.F. &Dijkstra, C.D. (1989) Macrophages and dendritic cells during the early stages of antigen-induced arthritis in rats: Immunohistochemical analysis of cryostat sections of the whole knee joint.Scand. J. Immunol. 29, 371–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J., Van Der Kraan, P.M., Vitters, E.L. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1994a) Stimulation of proteoglycan synthesis by triamcinolone acetonide and insulin-like growth factor in normal and arthritic nurine articular cartilage.J. Rheumatol. 21, 920–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J., Joosten, L.A.B., Van Der Kraan, P.M. &Van Den Berg, W.B (1994b) Responsiveness of articular cartilage from normal and inflamed mouse knee joints to various growth factors.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 53, 455–60.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J., Van Marle, J., Joosten, L.A.B. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1994c) Localization and quantification of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in mouse articular cartilage by confocal laser scanning microscopy.J. Histochem. Cytochem. 42, 765–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J. Joosten, L.A.B., Van De Loo, F.A.J. &Van Der Berg, W.B. (1995a) IL-1 has no direct role in the IGF-1 nonresponsiveness during experimentally-induced arthritis.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 54, 976–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verschure, P.J., Van Marle, J., Joosten, L.A.B. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1995b) Chrondrocyte IGF-1 receptor expression and respponsiveness to IGF-1 stimulation in mouse articular cartilage during various phases of experimentally-induced arthritis.Ann. Rheum. Dis. 54, 645–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • VERSCHURE, P.J., VAN MARLE, J., VAN NOORDEN, C.J.F. & VAN DEN BERG, W.B., (1996a) The contribution of quantitative confocal scaning laser microscopy in cartilage research. Chondrocyte insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in health and disease.Microsc. Res. Techniq. (in press).

  • VERSCHURE, P.J., JOOSTEN, L.A.B., HELSEN, M.M.A., LAFEBER, F.P.J.G. & VAN DEN BERG, W.B. (1996b) Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor immunolocalization by confocal scanning laser microscopy in human normal and ostoarthritic cartilage in comparison with porteoglycn synthesis and content.Br. J. Rheum. 35, (in press).

  • Verschure, P.J., Van Marle, J., Joosten, L.A.B. &Van Den Berg, W.B. (1996c) Histochemical analysis of IGF-1 binding sites in normal and experimentally-induced arthritis.Histochem. J. 28, 13–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Von Der Mark, K., Kirsch, T., Nerlich, A., Kuss, A., Weseloh, G., Gluckert, K. &Stoss, H. (1992) Type X collagen synthesis in osteoarthritic cartilage. Indication of chondrocyte hypertrophy.Arthritis Rheum. 35, 806–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, L.M. &Corcoran, M.L. (1993) Regulation of monocyte/macrophage metalloroteinase production by cytokines.J. Periodontol. 64, 467–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Waring, P.M., Carroll, G.J. &Kandiah, D.A. (1993) Increased levels of leukemia inhibitory factor in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory arthritides.Arthritis Rheum. 36, 911–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satanabe, N., Rosenfeld, R.G., Hintz, R.L., Dollar, L.A. &Smith, R.L. (1985) Characterization of a specifi insulin-like growth factor-1/Somatomedin-C receptor on high density primary monolayer cultures of bovine articulr chondrocytes: regulation of recetor concentration by somatomedin, insulin and growth hormone.J. Endocrinol. 107, 275–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A., Livne, E., Brandeis, E. &Silbermann, M. (1988) Triamicinolone impairs the synthesis of collagen and noncollagen proteins in condylar cartilage of newborn mice.Calcif. Tissue Int. 42, 63–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, A., Livne, E. &Silbermann, M. (1990) Growth and differentiation of murine cartilage cellsin vitro following a short-time exposure to triamcinolone acetonide.Cell Tissue Res. 260, 513–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, S.K., Sandison, D., Strickler, J. &Webb, W.W. (1989) Quantitative fluorescence imaging with laser scanning confocal microscopy. InThe handbook of confocal microscopy (edited byPawley, J.) pp. 27–39. Madison: IMR Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, S., Duan, D-S, De Vries, C., Peters, K.G., Johnson, D.E. &Williams, L.T. (1992) Differential splicing in the extracellular region of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 generates receptor variants with different ligand-binding specificity.Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 89–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, J. G., Amos, W. B. &Fordham, H. (1987) An evaluation of confocal versus conventional imaging of biological structures by fluorescent light microscopy.J. Cell. Biol. 105, 41–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilbrink, B., Nietfeld, J.J. &Den Otter, W. (1991) Role of TNFα in relation to IL-1 and IL-6 in the proteoglycan turnover of human rticular cartilage.Br. J. Rheumatol. 30, 265–71.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilden, P.A. Treadway, J.L., Brian, D., Morrison, D. &Pessin, J.E. (1989) IGF-1 dependent subunit communication of the IGF-1 holoreceptor: interactions between αβ heterodimeric receptor halves.Biochemistry 28, 9734–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J.M. &Brandt, K.D. (1985) Triamcinolone hexacetonid protects against fibrillationand osteophyte formation following chemically induced articular cartilage damage.Arthritis Rheum. 28, 1267–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R.O., Feldman, M. &Maini, R.N. (1995) Anti tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in cartilage proteoglycan metabolism and destruction: effect of in situ blocking in murine antigen-induced arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 38, 164–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, T. (1989) The role of the pinhole in confocal imaging systems. InThe handbook of confocal microscopy (edited byPawley, J.) pp. 126–33. Madison: IMR Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witsch-Prehm, P., Miehlke, R. &Kresse, H. (1992) Presence of small proteoglycan fragments in normal and arthritic human cartilage.Arthritis Rheum. 35, 1042–52.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, H.L., Costa, G.L., Lotze, M.T. &Wahl, S.M. (1993) Interleukin (IL) 4 differentially regulates monocyte IL-1 family gene expression and synthesisin vitro andin vivo.J. Exp. Med. 177, 775–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wooley, P.H., Whalen, J.D., Chapman, D.L., Berger, A.E., Richard, K.A., Aspar, D.G. &Staite, N.D. (1993) The effect of an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein on type 11 collagen induced arthritis in mice.Arthritis Rheum. 36, 1304–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wroblewski, J. &Edwall-Arvidsson, C. (1995) Inhibitory effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on chondrocyte differentiation.J. Bone Mineral Res. 10, 735–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W.D., Firestein, G.C. &Taetle, R. (1989) Cytokines in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in rheumatoid snovial effusions.J. Clin. Invest. 83, 876–82.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yasunaga, Y., Ochi, M. &Ikuta, Y. (1995) Localization' of insulin-like growth factor-1 binding to rabbit articular chondrocytes in situ.Eur. J. Exp. Musculoskeletal Res. 3, 29–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yee, D., Lebovic, G.S., Marcus, R.R. &Rosen, N. (1989) Identification of an altenate insulin-like growth factor β subunit mRNA transcript.J. Biol. Chem. 25, 21439–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yokono, K., Yonezawa, K., Hari, J. &Baba, S. (1989) Regulation of biological functions by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I via their own distinct receptors.Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.,7, S15–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zapf, J., Rinderkecht, E., Humbel, R.E. &Froesch, E.R. (1987) Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA) from human serum: Recent accomplishments and their physiologic implications.Metab. Clin. Exp. 27, 1803–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, B. &Roth, R.A. (1991) Binding properties of chimeric insulin receptors containing the cysteine rich domain of either the insulin-like growt factor I receptor or the insulin receptor related receptor.Biochemistry 30, 5113–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Pernette J. Verschure & Wim B. Van Den Berg

  2. Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Cornelis J. F. Van Noorden

  3. Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Electron Microscopy, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jan Van Marle

Authors
  1. Pernette J. Verschure
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cornelis J. F. Van Noorden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jan Van Marle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wim B. Van Den Berg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Verschure, P.J., Van Noorden, C.J.F., Van Marle, J. et al. Articular cartilage destruction in experimental inflammatory arthritis: insulin-like growth factor-1 regulation of proteoglycan metabolism in chrondrocytes. Histochem J 28, 835–857 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02331388

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02331388

Keywords

Search

Navigation