Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Phytoplankton primary production, chlorophyll and species composition, organic carbon and turbidity in the Marsdiep in 1990, compared with foregoing years

  • Published:
Hydrobiological Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Annual primary production in 1990 in the Marsdiep amounted to about 250 g C.m−2, which is lower than during the mid 1980s, but still higher than the about 150 g C.m−2a−1 measured during the 1960s and early 1970s. The annual curve shows a clear spring peak and a broad but lower summer peak. Chloropyll-a showed a similar annual curve, the maximum of 35 mg.m−3 during the spring peak, as well as the annual average of 6 mg.m−3 were lower than during the late 1970s and the 1980s. Organic carbon values for 1990 were similar to those observed in 1978 to 1984. Turbidity (at high tide) at our sampling station did not change over the period 1973 to 1990. The high winter temperature of 1989/90 did not influence the timing of the phytoplankton spring bloom. The diatom spring peak is better related to light. With more light in spring and clearer water, the peak occurs earlier. The trend of an increase of the period of occurrence ofPhaeocystis continued.Phaeocystis colonies and single cells were present almost the year round, however, the maximum cell numbers ofPhaeocystis (80,000 ml−1) was relatively low. Newly formed colonies on spines of diatoms (Chaetoceros sp.,Bacteriastrum hyalinum) were observed in autumn. Its life-cycle remains enigmatic.Rhizosolenia indica, a warm water species, was observed for the first time in net-plankton samples, it occurred from September to December 1990.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • BAKKER, C., P.M.J. HERMAN and M. VINK, 1990. Changes in seasonal succession of phytoplankton induced by the storm-surge barrier in the Oosterschelde (S. W. Netherlands). J. Pankt. Res., 12: 947–972.

    Google Scholar 

  • BEUKEMA, J.J., and G.C. CADÉE, 1986. Zoobenthos responses to eutrophication of the Dutch Wadden Sea. Ophelia, 26: 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • BOALCH, G.T., 1984. Recent blooms in the western English Channel. ICES Special meeting on Marine Blooms, Paper A 9.

  • CADÉE, G.C. 1982. Tidal and seasonal variation in particulate and dissolved organic carbon in the western Dutch Wadden Sea and Marsdiep tidal inlet. Neth. J. Sea Res., 15: 228–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C., 1984. Has input of organic matter into the western part of the Dutch Wadden Sea increased during the last decades? Proc. 4th Intern. Wadden Sea Symp. Public. Ser. Neth. Inst. Sea Res., 10: 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C., 1986. Recurrent and changing seasonal patterns in phytoplankton of the westernmost inlet of the Dutch Wadden Sea from 1969 to 1985. Mar. Biol., 93: 281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C., 1990a. Increased blooms. Nature, 346: 418.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C., 1990b. Increase inPhaeocystis blooms in the westernmost inlet of the Wadden Sea, the Marsdiep, since 1973. In: Lancelot, C., G. Billen and H. Barth, eds., Eutrophication and algal blooms in North Sea coastal zones, the Baltic and adjacent areas. E.C. Water Pollution Res. Rep., 12: 105–112.

  • CADÉE, G.C., 1991. Trends in Marsdiep phytoplankton. Proc. 7th Wadden Sea Symposium, Ameland. Publ. Neth. Inst. Sea Res. (in press).

  • CADÉE, G.C. and J. HEGEMAN, 1974. Primary production of phytoplankton in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 8: 240–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C. and J. HEGEMAN, 1979. Phytoplankton primary production, chlorophyll and composition in an inlet of the western Wadden Sea (Marsdiep). Neth. J. Sea Res., 13: 224–241.

    Google Scholar 

  • CADÉE, G.C. and J. HEGEMAN, 1991. Historical phytoplankton data for the Marsdiep. Hydrobiol. Bull., 24: 111–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEDERWALL, H. and R. ELMGREN, 1990. Biological effects of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, particularly the coastal zone. Ambio, 19: 109–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • CLEVE, P.T., 1899–1900. The plankton of the North Sea, the English Channel and the Skagerak. K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 32(7): 1–33; 32(8): 1–53; 34(2): 1–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • DAVIES, A.G., 1990. Spring bloom study 1990. Informal News, EEC ProjectPhaeocystis; 4–5.

  • DE JONGE, V.N., 1986. Extraction of deposits in the Dutch Wadden Sea: a possible cause of increased turbidity. Report Tidal Waters Division RWS GWAO-86, 453.

  • DREBES, G., 1974. Marines Phytoplankton, eine Auswahl der Helgoländer Planktonalgen (Diatomeen, Peridineen). Thieme, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • GRAN, H.H., 1902. Das Plankton des Norwegischen Nordmeeres. Rep. Norw. Fish. Mar. Invest., 2: 1–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • JAHNKE, J., 1989. The light and temperature dependance of growth rate and elemental composition ofPhaeocystis globosa Scherffel andP. pouchetii (Har.) Lagerh. in batch cultures. Neth. J. Sea Res., 23: 15–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • JAHNKE, B. and M.E.M. BAUMANN, 1987. Differentiation betweenPhaeocystis pouchetii (Har.) Lagerheim andPhaeocystis globosa Scherffel. I. Colony shapes and temperature tolerances. Hydrobiol. Bull., 21: 141–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • KAYSER, H., 1970. Experimental-ecological investigations onPhaeocystic poucheti (Haptophyceae): cultivation and waste water test. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters., 20: 195–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • KINMI, 1969–1990. Maandoverzicht van het weer in Nederland. Koninkijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt. vol. 66–87.

  • KORNMANN, P., 1955. Beobachtungen anPhaeocystis-Kulturen. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters., 5: 218–233.

    Google Scholar 

  • LANCELOT, C., G. BILLEN, A. SOURNIA, T. WEISSE, F. COLIJN, M.J.W. VELDHUJS, A. DAVIES and P. WASSMAN, 1987.Phaeocystis blooms and nutrient enrichment in the continental coastal zones of the North Sea. Ambio, 16: 38–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • LEEWIS, R.J., 1985. Phytoplankton off the Dutch coast. Ph.D. Thesis Univ. Nijmegen, Van Gorcum, Assen.

  • LORENZEN, C.J., 1967. Determination of chlorophyll and pheopigments, spectrophotometric equations. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12: 343–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • MARCHETTI, R., 1988. Indagini sul problema dell eutrofizzazione delle acque costiere dell Emilia-Romagna. Regione Emilia Romagna, Assessorato ambiente e difesa del suolo.

  • MARCHETTI, R., A. PROVINI and G.F. GAGGINO, Eutrophication of inland and coastal waters in italy. Ann. New York Ac. Sci., 534: 950–958.

  • MARCHETTI, R., M. LACOMINI, G. TORRI and B. FOCHER, 1989. Caratterizzazione preliminare degli essudati di origine fitoplanctonica raccolti in Adriatico nell estate 1989. Acqua Aria 8: 883–887.

    Google Scholar 

  • MENZEL, D.W., and R.F. VACCARO, 1964. The measurement of dissolved and particulate carbon in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 9: 138–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • OWENS, N.J.P., D. COOK, M. COLEBROOK, H. HUNT and P.C. REID, 1989. Long term trends in the occurrence ofPhaeocystis sp. in the north-east Atlantic. J. mar. biol. Ass. (U.K.), 69: 813–821.

    Google Scholar 

  • PARKE, M., J.C. GREEN and I. MANTON, 1971. Observations on the fine structure of the zoids of the genusPhaeocystis (Haptophyceae). J. mar. biol. Ass. (U.K.), 51: 927–941.

    Google Scholar 

  • POSTMA, H. and J.W. ROMMETS, 1970. Primary production in the Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res. 4: 470–493.

    Google Scholar 

  • RADACH, G., J. BERG and E. HAGMEIER, 1990. Long-term changes of the annual cycles of meteorological, hydrographic, nutrient and phytoplankton time series at Helgoland and at LV Elbe I in the German Bight. Cont. Shelf Res., 10: 305–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • REID, P.C., 1990. The dynamics of algal blooms in the North Sea. In: Lancelot, C., G. Billen and H. Barth. eds., Eutrophication and algal blooms in North Sea coastal zones, the Baltic and adjacent areas. E. C. Water Pollution Res. Rep. 12: 57–73.

  • SOURNIA, A. 1988.Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae): how many species? Nova Hedwigia, 47: 211–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMAYDA, T.J., 1984. Variations and long-term changes in Narragansett Bay. a phytoplankton based coastal marine marine ecosystem: relevance to field monitoring for pollution assessment. In White, H.H., ed. Concepts in marine pollution measurements, Maryland Sea Grant College. University of Maryland, College Park, p. 663–679.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMAYDA, T.J., 1990. Novel and nuisance phytoplankton blooms in the sea: evidence for a global epidemic. In: Granéli, G., et al., eds. Toxic marine phytoplankton. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 29–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • STEEMANN NIELSEN, E., 1952. The use of radioactive Carbon (C 14) for measuring organic production in the sea. J. Cons. 18: 117–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • VAN BENNEKOM, A.J., E. KRIJGSMAN-VAN HARTINGSVELD, G.C.M. VAN DER VEER and H.F.J. VAN VOORST, 1974. The seasonal cycle of reactive silicate and suspended diatoms in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Neth. J. Sea Res., 8: 174–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • VAN BREEMEN, P.J., 1985. Plankton van Noordzee en Zuiderzee. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Amsterdam. Brill, Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • VAN DER HOEVEN, P.C.T., 1982. Observations of surface watertemperature and salinity, State Office of Fishery Research (RIVO): 1860–1981. Scientific Rep. Kon. Ned. Meteorol. Inst., 82: 1–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • VAN DER VEER, H.W., W. VAN RAAPHORST and M.J.N. BERGMAN, 1989. Eutrophication of the Dutch Wadden Sea: external nutrient loadings of the Marsdiep and Vliestroom basin. Helgol. Meeresunters., 43: 501–515.

    Google Scholar 

  • WEISSE, T. and U. SCHEFFEL-MÖSER, 1990. Progress report of the Konstanz group. Informal News, EEC ProjectPhaeocystis: 17–22.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands

    Gerhard C. Cadée & Jan Hegeman

Authors
  1. Gerhard C. Cadée
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan Hegeman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cadée, G.C., Hegeman, J. Phytoplankton primary production, chlorophyll and species composition, organic carbon and turbidity in the Marsdiep in 1990, compared with foregoing years. Hydrobiological Bulletin 25, 29–35 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259586

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259586

Keywords

Search

Navigation