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Pseudo-random numbers

Ein neuer Vorschlag für die Wahl des Faktors bei der Berechnung von Pseudo-Zufallszahlen

A new proposal for the choice of multiplicators

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Summary

Pseudo-random numbers are usually generated by multiplicative methods. For binary computers the sequencesy i+1эa y i (mod 2k) are common and the derived numbersx i=y i/2k are taken as samples from the uniform distribution in (0, 1). In this paper 4a ≈2k ξ is proposed as a guide line for the choice of the multiplicatora where ξ is the golden section number\(\frac{1}{2}(\sqrt 5 - 1)\). Such values of the factor a have the property that an approximate knowledge ofy i will not yield information about the successory i+1. Bounds for the autocorrelations of the entire sequences are derived. These are of the same order of magnitude asGreenberger's bounds in the case\(a \approx \sqrt {2^k }\). However, the precise evaluation of the serial correlations fork≤100 indicates that the factors 4a ≈2k ξ are superior. One million numbers of a special sequence were tested statistically. The included ALGOL and FORTRAN subroutines will enable programmers to make practical use of this paper.

Zusammenfassung

Man erzeugt meist Zufallszahlen auf multiplikativem Wege: Ausgehend von einer ganzen Zahly o konstruiert man eine Folge ganzer Zahlen {y i} durchy i+1эa y i (mod 2k). Die Brüchex i=y i /2k sind die gewünschten Zufallszahlen im Intervall (0,1). Die Autoren schlagen 4a ≈2k ξ für die Wahl des Faktors vor. Dabei ist\(\xi = \frac{1}{2}(\sqrt 5 - 1)\) die Zahl des Goldenen Schnittes. Dieser Faktor erzwingt statistische Fast-Unabhängigkeit zwischenx i undx i+1. Darüberhinaus werden Abschätzungen für die Autokorrelation von zwei Zufallszahlen hergeleitet, die die gleiche Größenordnung haben, wieGreenbergers Abschätzung für die Wahl\(a \approx \sqrt {2^k }\). Die exakten Werte der Autokorrelation fürk≤100 zeigen, daß der Faktor 4a ≈2k ξ vorzuziehen ist. Eine Million Zufallszahlen einer speziellen Serie wurden statistischen Tests unterworfen. Die ALGOL- und FORTRAN-Programme sind für den praktischen Gebrauch dieser Arbeit bestimmt.

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Dedicated to Prof.K. H. Weise, Kiel on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Research sponsored by DFG (Deussche Forschungsgesellschaft) and N. R. C. (National Research Council of Canada).

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Ahrens, J.H., Dieter, U. & Grube, A. Pseudo-random numbers. Computing 6, 121–138 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02241740

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02241740

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