Abstract
Absorption and urinary excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium (sodium 2,4-D) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylammonium (2,4-DMA) salts were examined after single oral and middorsal skin applications of the herbicides to male rats. Doses of 2.6 mg 2,4-D/kg body wt (sodium 2,4-D) and 1.9 mg 2,4-D/kg body wt (2,4-DMA) were applied. Quantitatively, with both salts, most of the orally administered herbicide (over 90%) was excreted in urine within 28 h. However, 2,4-D urinary peak concentrations were measured 4.5 and 20.5 h after dosing with 2,4-DMA and sodium 2,4-D, respectively. Additionally, the volume of urine in the oral study was significantly increased with both salts when compared with the controls or the dermal exposure. After topical application, 2,4-D absorption was much lower than in the oral study. Urinary excretion only reached about 10 and 15% of the applied dose for sodium 2,4-D and 2,4-DMA, respectively, by 5 days post-treatment. Further, we found some elevations in hepatic cytochrome P-450 activities. Ethylmorphine N-demethylase was only slightly induced by the herbicides while ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was increased nearly 2-fold by sodium 2,4-D.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- sodium 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium salt
- 2,4-DMA:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylammonium salt
- 2,4,5-T:
-
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MCPA:
-
4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid
- 2,4-DP:
-
2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid
- EN:
-
ethylmorphin N-demethylase
- EROD:
-
ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase
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Knopp, D., Schiller, F. Oral and dermal application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium and dimethylamine salts to male rats: Investigations on absorption and excretion as well as induction of hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities. Arch Toxicol 66, 170–174 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974010
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01974010