Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to study the nutritional value of grain amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) as a supplement to cereals, and to determine the effect of heat on nutritional quality of cereal/amaranth mixtures. Maize, wheat and low-tannin sorghum blends containing 0%, 10%, 25% and 50% of popped amaranth flour were studied in balance experiments with growing rats. The popped amaranth was very high in lysine (5.19 g/16g N), but lysine was still the first limiting amino acid in the blends. However, amino acid scores were raised significantly by amaranth substitution, and the tryptophan deficiency of maize protein was alleviated by addition of amaranth. True protein digestibility was, in general, not affected by amaranth substitution, but the biological value increased considerably with increasing levels of inclusion. Amaranth substitution also resulted in remarkable increases in weight gain of the rats. The energy digestibility of the different blends was quite similar and there was only little variation in the amount of digestible energy of the mixtures.
Cooking produced a very small but significant reduction in protein and energy digestibility. However, the effects of cooking were minor and probably without practical importance. In conclusion, addition of amaranth to cereal flours improved protein quality without affecting energy utilization. Amaranth seems to be an effective source of protein to combine with cereal proteins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asp NG, Johansson CG, Hallmer H, Siljeström M (1983) Rapid enzymatic assay of insoluble and soluble dietary fibre. J Agric Food Chem 31:476–482
Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (1980) Official methods of analysis, 13th edn. Washington DC: AOAC
Bach knudsen KE, Munck L (1985) Dietary fibre contents and compositions of sorghum and sorghum-based foods. J Cereal Sci 3:154–164
Bech-Andersen S (1986) Tryptophan determination in feedstuffs (Personal Communication)
Betschart AA, Irving DW, Shepherd AD, Saunders RM (1981) Amaranthus Cruentus: Milling characteristics, distribution of nutrients within seed components, and the effects of temperature on nutritional quality. J Food Sci 46:1181–1187
Björck I, Nyman M, Pedersen B, Siljeström M, Asp NG, Eggum BO (1986) On the digestibility of starch in wheat bread — Studies in vitro and in vivo. J Cereal Sci 4:1–11
Eggum BO (1973) A study of certain factors influencing protein utilization in rats and pigs. Copenhagen: Beretn 406 National Institute of Animal Science
Eggum BO, Monowar L, Bach Knudsen KE, Munck L, Axtell J (1983) Nutritional quality of sorghum and sorghum foods from Sudan. J Cereal Sci 1:128–137
Food and Agriculture Organization (1973) Energy and protein requirements. Nutr Rep Ser No 52. Rome: FAO
Gill JL (1978) Design and analyses of experiments in the animal and medical sciences, Vol 1. Iowa: The Iowa State University Press
MacRae JC, Armstrong DG (1968) Enzyme method for determination of α-linked glucose polymers in biological materials. J Sci Food Agric 19:578–581
Mason VC, Bech-Andersen S, Rudemo M (1980) Hydrolysate preparation for amino acid determination in feed constituents. Z Tierphysiol Tierernährg u Futtermittelkde 43:146–164
National Academy of Science (1975) Underexploited tropical plants with promising economic value. Washington DC: NAS
National Academy of Science (1984) Amaranth: Modern prospects for an ancient crop. Washington DC: NAS
Pedersen B, Kalinowski LS, Eggum BO (1987) The nutritive value of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus). 1. Protein and minerals of raw and processed grain. (Qualitas Plantarum): Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 36: 309–324
Sánchez-Marroquin A (1980) Potencialidad agro-industrial del amaranto. Mexico: Centro de Estudios Económicos y Sociales del Tercer Mundo
Sánchez-Marroquin A, Domingo MV, Maya S, Saldaña C (1985) Amaranth flour blends and fractions for baking applications. J Food Sci 50:789–794
Saunders RM, Becker R (1984) Amaranthus: A potential food and feed resource. In: Pomeranz Y (ed) Advances in Cereal Science and Technology, Vol VI. Minnesota: AACC, pp 357–396
Stoldt W (1952) Vorschlag zur Vereinheitlichung der Fettbestimmung in Lebensmitteln. Fette und Seifen 54:206–207
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pedersen, B., Hallgren, L., Hansen, I. et al. The nutritive value of amaranth grain (Amaranthus caudatus). Plant Food Hum Nutr 36, 325–334 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01892353
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01892353