Abstract
The reaction of ImpA in the presence of Na+-montmorillonite 22A or Na+-Volclay in aqueous, pH 8 solution gives a 50–60% yield of dimers and trimers (pA)2 and (pA)3. The ratio of 3′,5′-phosphodiester bond formation is twice as great as 2′,5′-bond formation. The reaction requires the presence of Mg2+ and is inhibited by 0.4 M imidazole. N-methylimidazole enhances the rate of the reaction but does not cause major changes in yield or product composition. Higher yields were obtained when Li+- or Ca2+-montmorillonites were used in place of Na+-montmorillonite. Little or no phosphodiester bond formation was observed with Mg2+- or Al3+-montmorillonite. Montmorillonites other than 22A and Volclay exhibited little or no catalysis. In addition, little or no catalysis was exhibited in ferrugenous smectite, nontronite, allophane, imogolite or sepiolite. Oligomers were also formed by the reaction of ImpG, 2-methylImpG, ImpC and ImpU in the presence of Na+-montmorillonite. The pyrimidine nucleotides gave significantly lower yields of oligomers.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Petroleum Institute: 1951, Clay Mineral Standards, American Petroleum Institute, Project 49, Preliminary Report 7B, Chemical Analysis, Collumbia University, NY.
Banin, A., Lawless, J.G., Mazzurco, J.; Church, F. M., Margulies, L. and Orenberg, J.: 1985,Origins of Life 15, 89.
Been, M. D. and Cech, T. R.: 1988,Science 239, 1412.
Brindley, G. W. and Ertem, G.: 1971,Clays Clay Min. 19, 399.
Cotton, F. A. and Wilkinson, G.: 1980, ‘Advanced Inorganic Chemistry’, 4th Edition, John Wiley, N.Y., p. 33.
Egami, F.: 1974,J. Mol. Evol. 4, 115.
Ferris, J. P., Edelson, E. H., Mount, N. M., and Sullivan, A. E.: 1979,J. Mol. Evol. 13, 317.
Ferris, J. P., Ertem, G. and Agarwal, V.: 1989a,Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 19, 153.
Ferris, J. P., Ertem, G., and Agarwal, V.: 1989b,Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 19, 165.
Ferris, J. P. and Kamaluddin: 1989,Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 19, 609.
Ferris, J. P., Kamaluddin, and Ertem, G.: 1990,Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 20, 279.
Ferris, J. P., Kamalluddin, Kebbekus, P., Ertem, G., and Hagan, W. J., Jr.: 1989c,Origins Life Evol. Biosphere 19, 325.
Goodman, B. A., Russell, J. D., Fraser, A. R., and Woodhams, F. W. D.: 1976,Clays Clay Miner. 24, 53.
Grim, R. E. and Güven, N.: 1978, ‘Developments in Sedimentology 24. Bentonites, Geology, Mineralogy, Properties and Uses’, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 16, 17.
Guerrier-Takoda, C., Gardiner, K., Marsh, T., Pace, N., and Altman, S.: 1983,Cell 35, 849.
Joyce, G. F.: 1989,Nature 338, 217.
Joyce, G. F., Inoue, T., and Orgel, L. E.: 1984,J. Mol. Biol. 176, 279.
Joyce, G. F., Visser, G. M., van Boeckel, C. A. A., van Boom, J. H., Orgel, L. E., and van Westrenen, J.: 1984,Nature 310, 602.
Kanavarioti, A., Bernasconi, C. F., Doodokyan, D. L., and Aberas, D. J.: 1989,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 111, 7247.
Kay, K., B. S. Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1990.
Lear, P. R. and Stucki, J. W.: 1987,Clays Cay Miner. 35, 373.
Loeppert, R. H., Zelanzy, L. W., and Volk, B. G.: 1986,Clays Clay Miner. 34, 87.
Lohrmann, R.: 1977,J. Mol. Evol. 10, 137.
Lohrmann, R. and Orgel, L. E.: 1978,Tetrahedron 34, 853.
McClendon, J. H.: 1976,J. Mol. Evol. 8, 175.
Newman, A. C. D.: 1987, ‘Chemistry of Clays and Clay Minerals’, ed., A. C. D. Newman, John Wiley, New York, pp. 258–260.
Ohtsuka, K., Suda, M., Tsunoda, M., and Ono, M.: 1990,Chem. Mater. 2, 511.
Pinnavaia, T. J.: 1983,Science 220, 365.
Post, J. L.: 1978,Clays Clay Miner. 26, 58.
Sawai, H., Kuroda, K., and Hojo, T.: 1989,Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 62, 2018.
Sawai, H. and Orgel, L. E.: 1975,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 3532.
Sleeper, H. L. and Orgel, L. E.: 1979,J. Mol. Evol. 12, 357.
Van Olphen, H. and Fripiat, J. J. (eds.): 1979, ‘Data Handbook for Clay Minerals and Other Non-Metallic Minerals’, Pergamon, Oxford.
Young, B. and Cech, T. R.: 1989,J. Mol. Evol. 29, 480.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ferris, J.P., Ertem, G. Oligomerization reactions of ribonucleotides: The reaction of the 5′-phosphorimidazolide of nucleosides on montmorillonite and other minerals. Origins Life Evol Biosphere 22, 369–381 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01809373
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01809373