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Long-term evaluation following resection of apparently benign pheochromocytoma(s)/paraganglioma(s)

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Abstract

In the absence of distant disease, the pathologic diagnosis of malignancy in pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma is impossible. In an effort to establish the true incidence of recurrence in this disease, we have analyzed long-term follow-up (average, 15.8 years) of 98 patients who underwent complete resection of localized, noninvasive, histologically-benign pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas at our institution between 1960 and 1976.

Eighty-eight patients had nonfamilial, sporadic pheochromoctyoma/ paraganglioma. Nine had multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2), and 1 had familial pheochromocytoma. Seventy-nine patients had single pheochromocytomas; 10 had single extraadrenal tumors (paragangliomas); and 9 had multicentric or bilateral adrenal tumors.

Six patients (6.5%) developed recurrent pheochromocytoma after documentation of normal postoperative urinary catecholamine levels. One of these patients had MEN 2A. The recurrences developed at intervals from 5 to 13 years following initial resection. These were distant in 3 patients, local in 2, and both local and distant in a single patient. None of the recurrences occurred in the 13 patients who, on pathologic rereview, had either local or vascular invasion. No paraganglioma recurred.

Life-long follow-up of all patients who have had pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas resected is mandatory.

Résumé

En l'absence de lésions pathologiques à distance, le diagnostic de malignité en matière de phéochromocytome ou de paraganglion est impossible. Pour déterminer la fréquence vraie de récidive nous avons analysé le suivi à long terme (moyenne, 15.8 ans) de 98 patients ayant eu une résection complète de phéochromocytome et de paraganglions bénins localisés et non invasifs opérés à la Clinique Mayo entre 1960 et 1976.

Quatre-vingt-huit patients avaient un phéochromocytome ou paraganglion sporadique, non familial. Neuf patients avaient une MEN de type 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2), et un patient avait un phéochromocytome familial. Soixante-neuf patients avaient un phéochromocytome simple; 10 avaient une tumeur extrasurrénalienne simple (paraganglion); et 9 avaient des tumeurs surrénales bilatérales ou multicentriques.

Six patients (6.5%) ont eu une récidive de leur phéochromocytome après normalisation des catécholamines urinaires en postopératoire. Un de ces patients avait une MEN 2A. La récidive s'est manifestée entre 5 et 13 ans après la résection. Elle était à distance chez 3 patients, locale chez 2 patients, et à la fois locale et à distance chez un. Il n'y avait aucune récidive chez les 13 patients qui avaient soit une invasion locale ou vasculaire lorsque les coupes histologiques ont été revues. Il n'y avait aucune récidive de paraganglion.

La surveillance permanente de tout patient ayant un phéochromocytome ou un paraganglion semble s'imposer.

Resumen

En ausencia de metástasis distantes, el diagnóstico histopatológico de malignidad en un feocromocitoma o en un paraganglioma es imposible. Con el objeto de establecer la verdadera incidencia de recurrencia de esta enfermedad, hemos analizado el seguimiento a largo plazo (promedio, 15.8 años) de 98 pacientes sometidos a resección completa de feocromocitomas y paragangliomas localizados, no invasivos e histológicamente benignos en nuestra institución entre los años 1960 y 1976.

Ochenta y ocho pacientes tenían feocromocitoma/paraganglioma no familiar, de tipo esporádico. Nueve tenían el síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) tipo 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2) y uno feocromocitoma familiar. Setenta y nueve pacientes tenían feocromocitoma único; 10 tenían tumores extra adrenales (paragangliomas) y 9 tumores adrenales multicéntricos o bilaterales.

Seis pacientes (6.5%) desarrollaron feocromocitoma recurrente después de haberse documentado niveles postoperatorios normales de catecolaminas; uno de ellos tenía el síndrome NEM 2A. Las recurrencias se desarrollaron a intervalos de 5 a 13 años después de la resección inicial, distantes en 3 pacientes, locales en 2, y locales y distantes en sólo un paciente. Ninguna de las recurrencias ocurrió en los 13 pacientes que en la revisión histopatológica presentaban invasión local o vascular. Ningún paraganglioma exhibió recurrencia.

El seguimiento de por vida en pacientes que hayan tenido feocromocitomas o paragangliomas es mandatorio.

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van Heerden, J.A., Roland, C.F., Carney, J.A. et al. Long-term evaluation following resection of apparently benign pheochromocytoma(s)/paraganglioma(s). World J. Surg. 14, 325–329 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01658516

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