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Spinal stability as defined by the three-column spine concept

La stabilité vertébrale selon la théorie des trois colonnes

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Summary

The three-column spine concept is supported by anatomical data from dry European and African skeketons, by experiments on fresh cadaver spines without chemical fixation and by an extensive clinical and surgical experience. There exists an axial and a transverse stability. Axial stability is maintained along a vertical column system: this consists of two columns at the C1–C2 level and three columns from C2 to the sacrum. The anterior column is formed by the vertebral bodies and discs, and the two posterior columns by posterior joints. Transverse stability at the motion segment levels is produced by a coupling of bony buttresses and ligamentous brakes. The three-joint motion segment is characterized by a triangular disposition of joints with opposing joint spaces, thus supporting the articular orthogonal triangulation concept. These observations have a clinical relevance in the field of spinal growth, changes consequent upon wear in spinal joints and clinical instability.

Résumé

La théorie des 3 colonnes repose sur des constatations anatomiques à partir de squelettes secs européens et africains, sur des études expérimentales à partir de rachis entiers cadavériques non fixés et sur de nombreux documents anatomo-pathologiques et cliniques. Il existe une stabilité axiale et une stabilité transversale. La stabilité axiale s'effectue grâce à un système de colonnes verticales au nombre de 2 en C1 puis de 3 à partir de C2 jusqu'au sacrum. La colonne antérieure est celle des corps vertébraux et des disques, les 2 colonnes postérieures sont celles des apophyses articulaires et des articulations zygapophysaires. La stabilité transversale au niveau des segments mobiles est assurée par l'action combinée de butées osseuses et de freins ligamentaires. La disposition triangulaire des 3 articulations de chaque segment mobile avec leurs interlignes à orientations opposées permet d'émettre la théorie mécanique de la triangulation articulaire orthogonale. Ces conceptions trouvent des applications dans la compréhension de la croissance axiale du rachis dans son adaptation à l'effort et l'apparition de lésions arthrosiques et enfin dans l'établissement de règles thérapeutiques pour les lésions instables des traumatismes rachidiens.

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Louis, R. Spinal stability as defined by the three-column spine concept. Anat. Clin 7, 33–42 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654627

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01654627

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