Summary
In a randomized multicenter study, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, each in two different dose regimens and in combination with non-absorbable antimycotics, were administered to 51 patients with acute leukaemia undergoing aggressive remission induction chemotherapy for infection prevention. Both drugs showed an effective elimination of gram-negative potential pathogens andStaphylococcus aureus not affecting the anaerobic flora of the gastrointestinal tract. A low incidence of side effects and a satisfactory patient compliance could be observed. A daily dosage of 1,000 mg ciprofloxacin or 800 mg norfloxacin is recommended for infection prevention in severely granulocytopenic patients.
Zusammenfassung
In einer randomisierten multizentrischen Studie wurden 51 Patienten mit akuter Leukämie, die sich einer aggressiven Chemotherapie zur Remissionsinduktion unterzogen, mit Ciprofloxacin oder Norfloxacin, jeweils in zwei unterschiedlichen Dosierungen und in Kombination mit einem nicht resorbierbaren Antimykotikum, zur Infektionsprävention behandelt. Mit beiden Substanzen wurde eine effektive Elimination potentiell pathogener gram-negativer Bakterien undStaphylococcus aureus erreicht, während die anaerobe Darmflora nicht beeinflußt wurde. Es wurde nur eine geringe Inzidenz von Nebenwirkungen bei zufriedenstellender Patientencompliance beobachtet. Als Tagesdosis zur Infektionsprävention bei schwer granulozytopenischen Patienten sollten 1000 mg Ciprofloxacin oder 800 mg Norfloxacin verabreicht werden.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature
Chang, H. Y., Rodriguez, V., Narboni, G., Bodey, G. P., Luma, M. A., Freireich, E. J. Causes of death in adults with acute leukemia. Medicine 55 (1976) 259–268.
Singer, C., Kaplan, M. H., Armstrong, D. Bacteremia and fungemia complicating neoplastic disease. Am. J. Med. 62 (1977) 731–742.
Hennemann, H. H. Septikämien bei Leukämien und malignen Lymphomen. Klin. Wochenschr. 63 (1985) 821–826.
Wade, J. C., Schimpff, S. C., Neionaw, K. A. Staphylococcus epidermidis: An increasing cause of infection in patients with granulocytopenia. Ann. Int. Med. 97 (1982) 509–515.
Bodey, G. P., Rodriguez, V., Chang, H. Y., Narboni, G. Fever and infection in leukemic patients. Cancer 41 (1978) 1610–1622.
Schimpff, S. C., Young, V. M., Greene, W. H., Vermeulen, G. D., Moody, M. R., Wiernik, P. H. Origin of infection in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Ann. Int. Med. 77 (1972) 707–714.
Sleijfer, D. T., Mulder, N. H., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Fidler, V., Nieweg, H. O., Van der Waaij, D., Van Saene, H. K. F. Infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients by selective decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract. Eur. J. Cancer 16 (1980) 859–869.
Van der Waaij, D., Berghuis-De Vries, J. M., Lekkerkerk-Van der Wees, J. E. C. Colonization resistance of the digestive tract in conventional and antibiotic-treated mice. J. Hyg. Camb. 69 (1971) 405–411.
Rozenberg-Arska, M., Dekker, A. W., Verhoef, J. Colistin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of infection in patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Infection 11 (1983) 167–169.
Starke, I. D., Donnelly, P., Catovsky, D., Darrell, J., Johnson, S. A., Goldman, J. M., Galton, D. A. G. Co-trimoxazole alone for prevention of bacterial infections in patients with acute leukaemia. Lancet II (1982) 5–6.
Wade, J. C., Schimpff, S. C., Hardagon, M. T., Fortner, C. L., Young, V. M., Wiernik, P. H. A comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin with gentamicin plus nystatin in the prevention of infection in acute leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 304 (1981) 1057–1062.
Watson, J. G., Jameson, B., Powles, D. L., McElwain, T. J., Lawson, D. N., Judson, I., Morgenstern, G. R., Lumley, H. Cotrimoxazole versus non-absorbable antibiotics in acute leukaemia. Lancet I (1982) 6–9.
Kurrle, E., Dekker, A. W., Gaus, W., Haralambie, E., Krieger, D., Rozenberg-Arska, M., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Van der Waaij, D., Wendt, F. Prevention of infection in acute leukaemia: A prospective randomized study on the efficacy of two different drug regimens for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Infection 14 (1986) 226–232.
Bauernfeind, A., Petermüller, C. In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2 (1983) 111–115.
Chin, N.-X., Neu, H. C. Ciprofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compound active against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 25 (1984) 319–326.
Cofsky, R. D., Du Bouchet, L., Landesman, S. H. Recovery of norfloxacin in feces after administration of a single dose in human volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 26 (1984) 110–111.
Dalhoff, A., Eickenberg, H.-U. Tissue distribution of ciprofloxacin following oral and intravenous administration. Infection 13 (1985) 78–81.
Dekker, A. W., Rozenberg-Arska, M., Verhoef, J. Infection prophylaxis in acute leukemia: A comparison of ciprofloxacin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and colistin. Ann. Int. Med. 106 (1987) 7–12.
Karp, J. E., Merz, W. G., Hendricksen, C., Laughon, B., Redden, T., Bamberger, B. J., Bartlett, J. G., Saral, R., Burke, P. J. Oral norfloxacin for prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections in patients with acute leukemia and granulocytopenia. Ann. Int. Med. 106 (1987) 1–7.
Reeves, D. S. The effect of quinolone antibacterials on the gastrointestinal flora compared with that of other antibacterials. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 18 Suppl. D (1986) 89–102.
Van der Auwera, P. In vitro susceptibility of aerobic gram-negative blood-culture isolates to oxolinic acid, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin and oxo-enoxacin. Infection 14 (1986) 142–144.
Wise, R. Norfloxacin — a review of pharmacology and tissue penetration. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 13 Suppl. B (1984) 59–64.
Young, L. S. The new fluorinated quinolones for infection prevention in acute leukemia. Ann. Int. Med. 106 (1987) 144–146.
Gutzler, F., De Vries, J. X. Bestimmung von Norfloxacin in Plasma und Urin durch Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie. Fortschr. antimikrob. antineopl. Chemother. 3–5 (1984) 673–677.
Winston, D. J., Ho, W. G., Nakao, S. L., Gale, R. P., Champlin, R. E. Norfloxacin versus vancomycin/polymyxin for prevention of infection in granulocytopenic patients. Am. J. Med. 80 (1986) 884–890.
Brumfitt, W., Franklin, I., Grady, D., Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T., Illiffe, A. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin and fecal flora during administration of a seven-day course to human volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 26 (1984) 757–761.
Gonzales, M. A., Uribe, F., Moisen, S. D., Fuster, Selen, A., Welling, P. G., Painter, B. Multipledose pharmacokinetics and safety of ciprofloxacin in normal volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 26 (1984) 741–744.
Rozenberg-Arska, M., Dekker, A. W., Verhoef, J. Ciprofloxacin for selective decontamination of the alimentary tract in patients with acute leukemia during remission induction treatment: The effect on fecal flora. J. Inf. Dis. 152 (1985) 104–107.
Eandi, M., Viano, I., Di Nola, F., Leone, L., Genazzani, E. Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients with renal and hepatic damage. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2 (1983) 253–259.
Bauernfeind, A., Petermüller, C. Abhängigkeit von Bakterizidie und Mutantenselektion bei 4-Chinolonen von deren Serumkonzentrationsverläufen. Infection 14 Suppl. 1 (1986) S26-S30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
For the E.O.R.T.C. Gnotobiotic Project Group.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maschmeyer, G., Haralambie, E., Gaus, W. et al. Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin for selective decontamination in patients with severe granulocytopenia. Infection 16, 98–104 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644312
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01644312